modes of fiction?

Question

does anybody know about the modes of fiction and their funtions in analyzing a literature work ?
and how to analyze a literature work such short story, ,...

Answer 1

I think you´re asking about "genres" (if not, I apologize).

"Genre" is a term used to classify literary works, as far as form and, to a certain extent, content.There are different kinds of genres: tragedy, comedy, lyric, epic and pastoral (the traditional ones); and novel, short story and essay (the "modern" ones).

According to Hugh Holman (p. 239), "[g]enre classification implies that there are groups of formal or technical characteristics existing among works of the same 'kind', regardless of time or place of composition, author or subject matter; and that these characteristics, when they define a particular group of works, are of basic significance in talking about literary art."

For example:

Tragedy: "drama in prose or verse which recounts events in the life of a famous figure (cf. Greek tragedies)" (Holman:531).
Comedy: " a lighter forma of drama which aims to amuse and which ends happily" (idem:107)
Lyric: "a brief subjective poem, strongly marked by imagination, melody and emotion, creating for the reader a single, unified impression" (idem: 298).
Epic: "a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in a series of adventures which form an organic whole (idem: 194)" (cf. The Iliad, Beowulf, etc.).
Pastoral: " a poem treating of shepherds and rustic life (idem:381)" (cf. Greek pastorals).
Novel: "an extended fictional prose narrative (idem: 354)", such as Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.
Short story: " a relatively brief fictional narrative in prose" (idem:495).
Essay: "a moderately brief prose discussion of a restricted topic" (idem: 204).

Holman´s definitions are thorough in every way. It´s worth reading.