does anyone know what is the couse for placental abruption?

Question

also at what point in your pregnancy can it happen?

Answer 1

Placental abruption is the early separation of a normal placenta from the wall of the uterus. The placenta is an organ that grows in the uterus during pregnancy to provide nourishment and oxygen to the baby.

How does it occur?
Normally the placenta separates from the uterus and is delivered right after the birth of the baby. When placental abruption occurs, the placenta starts to tear away from the uterus before the baby is born. It can cause serious problems for the baby and the mother.

You are at higher risk for placental abruption if you:

become pregnant after age 35
have had more than 4 or 5 children
are pregnant with twins or triplets
have high blood pressure
use cocaine
have diabetes
have had a previous abruption.

What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of placental abruption are:

contractions that don't stop
pain in the uterus
tenderness in the abdomen over the uterus
vaginal bleeding (sometimes).

How is it diagnosed?
The doctor will give you a physical exam, looking for signs of blood loss. These tests may be done:

blood tests
ultrasound scan to look for a blood clot behind the placenta
nonstress test to check the baby's heart rate and look for signs of fetal distress.

How is it treated?
The treatment for placental abruption depends on:

how much of the placenta has separated from the uterus
how close the pregnancy is to full term
your health and whether you have other problems, such as high blood pressure
the amount of blood you have lost
the baby's health.

If the separation of the placenta is small, the baby isn't in distress, and your condition is stable, you may be able to go home and continue the pregnancy with frequent checkups.

If you are admitted to the hospital, you will be given intravenous (IV) fluids. A fetal monitor will be used to check the baby for signs of distress. If the separation is moderate to severe, your blood pressure, pulse, and amounts of urination will be closely checked. Lab tests will be run on your blood to check its ability to clot. You may be given blood transfusions.

If the separation is moderate to severe but the baby is not in distress and your condition is stable, the doctor may induce labor and perform a vaginal delivery. If the baby is in distress or if you are losing a lot of blood, the doctor will deliver the baby immediately by cesarean section.

How long will the effects last?
Sometimes placental abruption begins and then stops without treatment. As long as you and the baby are healthy, your pregnancy can continue with frequent checkups by the doctor. A mild case of placental abruption will probably have no long-term effects on your health or your baby's health.

A moderate to severe separation of the placenta may have the following effects on you after delivery:

A large loss of blood or hemorrhage may require blood transfusions and intensive care after delivery.
Your uterus may not contract properly after delivery so you may need medication to help the uterus contract.
You may have problems with blood clotting for a few days.
A severe case of shock may affect other organs of your body, such as the liver, kidney, and pituitary gland.

Placental abruption may have the following effects on the baby:

If a large amount of the placenta separates from the uterus, the baby will probably be in distress until delivery.
The baby may be premature and need to be placed in the newborn intensive care unit. He or she might have problems with breathing and feeding.
If the baby is in distress in the uterus, he or she may have a low level of oxygen in the blood after birth.
The newborn may have low blood pressure or a low blood count.
If the separation is severe enough, the baby could suffer brain damage or die before or shortly after birth.

What can be done to help prevent placental abruption?
Good prenatal care and a healthy diet may prevent high blood pressure during pregnancy. Prevention of high blood pressure decreases the risk of abruption.

Placental abruption caused by drug abuse can be prevented if the mother stops abusing drugs.

Despite these preventive steps, placental abruption may occur again in the next pregnancy. If you have had a placental abruption and are pregnant again, be sure to tell your doctor about it. Get plenty of rest, take vitamins with folic acid, and immediately report any contractions or bleeding to your doctor.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

In my second pregnancy this occured I had a stillborn baby at 35 weeks 6 days the doctor said it was a knot in the cord come to find out almost 6 years later and I'm 18 weeks pregnant my new doctor did a little research and some lab work from me and found out that I have a blood disorder that causes my blood to clot too fast which caused blood clots in the placenta and cord and my placenta abrupted i was only 24 it was my second child and I have to see a specialist now because it can happen again.

Answer 4

Placental abruption (Also known as abruptio placenta) in biology, is the separation of the placental lining from the uterus of a female. In humans, it refers to the abnormal separation after 20 weeks of gestation and prior to birth. It occurs in 1% of pregnancies world wide with a fetal mortality rate of 20-40% depending on the degree of separation. Abruption placenta is also a significant contributor to maternal mortality

Lasting effects
On the mother:

A large loss of blood or hemorrhage may require blood transfusions and intensive care after delivery.
The uterus may not contract properly after delivery so the mother may need medication to help her uterus contract.
The mother may have problems with blood clotting for a few days.
A severe case of shock may affect other organs, such as the liver, kidney, and pituitary gland.
On the baby:

If a large amount of the placenta separates from the uterus, the baby will probably be in distress until delivery.
The baby may be premature and need to be placed in the newborn intensive care unit. He or she might have problems with breathing and feeding.
If the baby is in distress in the uterus, he or she may have a low level of oxygen in the blood after birth.
The newborn may have low blood pressure or a low blood count.
If the separation is severe enough, the baby could suffer brain damage or die before or shortly after birth.

Symptoms
contractions that don't stop
pain in the uterus
tenderness in the abdomen
vaginal bleeding (sometimes)

Pathophysiology
Trauma, hypertension, or coagulopathy, can lead to bleeding into the decidua basalis. This can push the placenta away from the uterus and cause further bleeding. Bleeding through the vagina occurs 80% of the time, though sometimes the blood will pool behind the placenta.

Women may present with vaginal bleeding, abdominal or back pain, abnormal or premature contractions, fetal distress or death.

Abruptions are classified according to severity in the following manner:

Grade 0: Asymptomatic and only diagnosed through post partum examination of the placenta.
Grade 1: The mother may have vaginal bleeding with mild uterine tenderness or tetany, but there is no distress of mother or fetus.
Grade 2: The mother is symptomatic but not in shock. There is some evidence of fetal distress can be found with fetal heart rate monitoring.
Grade 3: Severe bleeding (which may be occult) leads to maternal shock and fetal death. There may be maternal disseminated intravascular coagulation. Blood may force its way through the uterin wall into the serosa, a condition known as Couvelaire uterus.

Risk factors
Maternal hypertension is a factor in 44% of all abruptions.
Maternal trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents, assaults, falls, or nosocomial
Drug use is a factor, particularly tobacco, alcohol, and cocaine.
Short umbilical cord
Prolonged rupture of membranes (>24 hours)
Retroplacental fibromyoma
Maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than 35 are at greater risk.
Previous abruption: Women who have had an abruption in previous pregnancies are at greater risk.
Multipara: Women who have given birth many times are at greater risk. (source?)
The risk of placental abruption can be reduced by maintaining a good diet including taking folic acid, regular sleep patterns and not smoking or drinking alcohol.


Intervention
Placental abruption is suspected when a pregnant woman has sudden localized uterine pain with or without bleeding. The fundus may be monitored because a rising fundus can indicate bleeding. An ultrasound may be used to rule out placenta previa but is not diagnostic for abruption. The mother may be given Rhogam if she is Rh negative.

Treatment depends on the amount of blood loss and the status of the fetus. If the fetus is less than 36 weeks and neither mother or fetus are in any distress, then they may simply be monitored in hospital until a change in condition or fetal maturity whichever comes first.

Immediate delivery of the fetus may be indicated if the fetus is mature or if the fetus or mother are in distress. Blood volume replacement and to maintain blood pressure and blood plasma replacement to maintain fibrinogen levels may be needed. Vaginal birth is usually preferred over caesarean section unless there is fetal distress.Caesarean section is contraindicated in cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

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Answer 8

Retroplacental Fibromyoma

Answer 9

the cause is unknown