What is the most common charge on group 17 and 2 elements? How can these charges be determined?

Question

I kno these groups are alot different but I had room :)

Answer 1

Group 17 (or VIIA, halogens): Every halogen has 7 electrons in its outer shell, so it has the tendency to gain 1 electron and its common charge is -1 (F-, Cl- etc).

Group 2 (or IIA alkali earths): They have 2 electrons in their outer shell so they have the tendency to lose them and their common charge is +2 (Ca2+, Mg2+ etc)

Answer 2

The same way you figure out the charge on group 16.

Determine how many electrons the atom has to gain to fill its outer level or lose to empty its outer level. If either number is more than 4, reject it.

ex. in group 16, oxygen has 8 electrons arranged in its energy levels as 2,6.

It would have to lose 6 to empty its last level or gain 2 to fill its last level. 6 is too many, so oxygen (and all members of group 16) will gain 2 electrons making is -2.

Answer 3

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