We refer to this period of Mesopotamian history as "Early Dynastic." There was no political space called "Mesopotamia" at this time (in fact there never really was; a variety of cultures and government styles characterized the region until the decline of cuneiform culture (see below for this)). The majority of available documents for this period come from the southern area of modern-day Iraq, and these describe a system of city-states that apparently rivaled one another for pre-eminence, though this was not fundamentally a military matter. Some of the more important cities were Kish, Ur, and Uruk. The most commonly written language during this time was Sumerian (a linguistic "isolate" without any certain relatives (or descendants), though texts written in an archaic Semitic language ("Eblaite") are attested from Syria. It was also around this time that the still relatively new cuneiform writing system, invented at the end of the 4th millennium BC (around 3300), began to be used to create texts that might be considered "literary," such as poems (e.g. "the Instructions of Shuruppak") and incantations (spells). It is difficult to comment on the ethnic makeup of Mesopotamia, since all we have to go on are lists of names found on preserved ration lists. These seem to sketch a thoroughly mixed population of folks with Sumerian and Semitic names. You might check out Susan Pollack's book "Ancient Mesopotamia" and van de Mieroop's "A History of Ancient Mesopotamia" for more detailed info; Pollack's book especially deals with more archaeological data and is therefore probably better suited to your question.
2006-12-05 00:03:14
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answer #2
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answered by zuqaqipum 2
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http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&sa=N&resnum=0&q=Mesopotamia&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wi
2006-12-02 14:43:34
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answer #3
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answered by Supercali 1
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