What are the main causes of the Break with Rome?

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Which break with Rome? The one 1000 years ago when the Eastern Church broke away or the Reformation?

The Eastern Church, Orthodox, had different ways of doing basically everything during Mass.
The Reformation was about not just reforming the Church, but also about faith and salvation also.

Answer 3

I thought the main reason the Church of England broke with Rome was that Henry VIII wanted a divorce and the Pope refused to grant one.

Answer 4

cesar death , women also if you remember well the story

Answer 5

By the mid-1520s, King Henry VIII had grown very unhappy in his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. She had, by then, borne him eight children, with only the Princess Mary (born 1516) surviving infancy. Henry wished for a male heir to stabilize the future succession of the Crown. For state and personal reasons, he sought a divorce from Catherine so that he might marry Anne Boleyn, a young lady of the court with whom he had fallen in love. Between 1527 and 1535, England was preoccupied with the political and religious questions attendant to what was called "the King's great matter."
Divorcing a queen in the early sixteenth century was very serious. Though there were precedents, the reigning laws of the Catholic Church forbade divorce unless the couple were granted a special dispensation from the Pope. Henry convinced himself, however, that his marriage to Catherine had never been a real marriage, because it contradicted a biblical passage, Leviticus 20:21, which forbids a man to marry his brother's widow. In May 1527, Henry arranged to appear before Cardinal Thomas Wolsey in his court to explain why he had been "living in sin with Catherine" for so many years. In April the following year, Pope Clement VII hesitantly granted Henry a papal commission to try the case, sending to him Cardinal Campeggio, the "protector of England" at the Roman Curia, in October.
It was clear from the beginning that the Pope would not grant Henry a dispensation to divorce Catherine. Rather than submit to the wishes of Rome–after many failed efforts by Wolsey and others to pressure the Pope–Henry chose to sidestep established canonical procedure. Wolsey himself became the first victim of the King's anger, losing his office as chancellor in August 1529 because he had failed in the negotiations with Rome. Wolsey was replaced by Sir Thomas More, who took the job on the condition that he not be involved in the divorce matter, and who would later prove a greater problem for Henry than Wolsey. At this time the government was effectively in the hands of the dukes of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Wiltshire, the last of whom was Anne Boleyn's father. .
In July 1531, Henry officially separated from Catherine and began to live openly with Anne Boleyn. Also that year, the politically enterprising Thomas Cromwell was appointed to the inner circle of the king's council, soon gaining the king's confidence and advising him toward a direct break with the Roman Church. Matters came to a head when Henry married Anne Boleyn secretly in January 1533, after discovering she was pregnant with the king's child. Also that month, the reform-minded Thomas Cranmer was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. In March, all appeals to Rome were suspended with Parliament's Act of Appeals, effectively breaking off England's legal ties to the Papacy. In May, Cranmer assembled a court at Dunstable that delivered sentence that the marriage with Catherine was void, and the marriage with Anne was true. Catherine lost her title, Anne was named Queen of England, and the infant Elizabeth born in September 1533 replaced Princess Mary as the legitimate heir to the throne. Henry received his divorce and his new wife, but he did not yet have a male heir, and in conjunction with these events, he declared himself the Supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England, igniting a virtual revolution of Church and State. The declaration received legal force in the 1534 Act of Supremacy, and was followed by the Oath of Succession which was demanded from all government officials, lay and clerical. The oath concerned the transferral of the primary sovereign right to the inheritance of Anne's daughter Elizabeth, taking it from Catherine's daughter Mary.
Analysis
No events in Henry's reign have been more studied than those surrounding the divorce from Catherine and the relationship of these events to the English Reformation. Scholars from the sixteenth century onwards have offered a wide range of interpretations of these events, and debate continues to rage among historians of the period. One of the central points at issue is the inevitability of Henry's break with the Roman Church, and also, how much of that break was driven by larger political considerations versus Henry's simple personal motivation to replace the old, tired Catherine with the young, captivating, and fertile Anne Boleyn. These debates show the great importance of individual men and women in the shaping of world events.
The dispensation Henry requested from Pope Clement not only rested on shaky theological grounds–since the passage in Leviticus was contradicted by others in the bible–but it also was politically difficult for the pope to honor the request. First of all, Henry was, in effect, asking Clement to declare that an earlier pope had made a mistake in granting the original dispensation for Henry to marry Catherine of Aragon. The pope was quite unwilling to damage the Church's moral authority with such a sensational declaration. Also, the pope was in a very delicate position where the Emperor Charles V was concerned. The German armies of Charles, who was Catherine's nephew, had sacked Rome in 1527, putting the emperor in possession of much of Italy, and making the pope his virtual prisioner. Henry was basically asking the pope to discard the emperor's aunt, but there was no way the pope would dare resist Charles's wishes, which were very much against the divorce.
This series of events infuriated King Henry, who was determined to marshal all the political force necessary to secure the divorce and to get his male heir. And although Henry was a devout Catholic in many ways, he did not want the pope or the Roman Church itself to stand in his way. His summoning of Parliament at the close of 1529 was the first step in his political war against Rome. Among the members of Parliament were many common lawyers and landowners who resented the power of the Church with its vast landholdings and its court system–which often caused jurisdictional disputes when Church jurists conflicted in their legal opinions with common law jurists. These members of parliament also resented the taxes they had to pay which were sent off to Rome to support the Papacy. Henry did not find it difficult to get such a Parliament to vote with him to override the pope's decisions concerning the divorce and to subordinate the independence of the Church in England to obedience to his crown.
Although Henry at first considered himself the supreme head of the Church in England, his title soon changed to "Supreme Head of the Church of England." This distinction was crucial, because the second title signified a schism with the Catholic Church, which, until the first decades of the sixteenth century, had reigned virtually unchallenged in Western Europe as the ultimate spiritual and temporal authority. Henry, who had once been named Defender of the Faith by a pope, now claimed pope-like authority over the Church in England, which was thenceforth conceived as a distinct body answerable only to God, and to no man outside its national borders. This break with Rome was a revolutionary step for Henry to take, and it required firm support from Parliament and severe methods of enforcement by the government to secure it as reality. These were some of the driving reasons behind the 1534 Act of Supremacy and Oath of Succession, the rejection of which guaranteed the imprisonment and death of men such as Thomas More.

Schism and Reformation
Summary
The first events of the English Reformation occurred Alongside Henry VIII's sensational divorce proceedings. Henry himself was not a Protestant, and the great majority of the English people, though they may have been somewhat anti-clerical, were, at the time, piously devoted to the Catholic Church. In the 1520s, Lutheranism had made some inroads at the university of Cambridge, and the leading English Protestant of that decade, William Tyndale, had created some sensation when he fled England in 1524 to translate the bible into English and conduct a pamphlet war with Sir Thomas More. Henry himself was very much opposed to the spread of Lutheran and other Protestant doctrines, his 1534 break with Rome notwithstanding
In July 1536, Henry's government issued the Ten Articles, which upheld traditional Catholic teachings on the sacraments of the altar, penance, and baptism. In 1537, the other four traditional sacraments of confirmation, holy matrimony, holy orders, and extreme unction were defended in an official primer called The Institutions of a Christian Man, also known as "The Bishops' Book." Henry demonstrated a more firm commitment to Catholic theology with the 1539 passage through Parliament of the Six Articles. These articles stated that the Church of England upheld the traditional doctrines of Transubstantiation, celibacy for priests, the inviolability of monastic vows, the legality of private masses, and the necessity for oral confessions to a priest. Parliament next passed a statute that appointed penalties for violations of the Six Articles.
At the same time, obedience to the authority of the Roman Church was made treason, punishable by death. Sir Thomas More, who had resigned the chancellorship in 1532 because he could no longer support conscientiously Henry's schismatic actions, was executed for treason in June 1535. Bishop John Fisher was also executed that summer, along with six monks and several other priests who would not swear loyalty to the new regime. Catholics looked upon these men as saintly martyrs. Henry later proved equally cruel to Protestants, having a number of them burned at the stake for heresy.
1536 brought the dissolution of Catholic monastaries throughout England. Henry ordered that the vast tracts of land owned by Catholic bishops and by the religious communities be taken over by the new regime, and the lands were handed over both to members of the nobility and other loyal laymen, as well as to conforming clergymen who embraced the new order and renounced their allegiance to the pope. Many of the old monastic buildings were destroyed, along with some libraries and works of art–depictions of Catholic saints and of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, were targetted particularly. In 1538, Henry ordered a campaign against relics–preserved body parts of saints and other objects considered to be holy by Catholics–and the 350-year-old tomb of Thomas Becket of Canterbury, medieval England's most beloved saint, was destroyed.
Aside from individual opposition by monks and men such as More and Fisher, Henry's newly named Church of England saw one major movement against it while Henry reigned as king. In October 1536, there was an uprising under a man named Robert Aske in northern England. The rebels called the movement the Pilgrimage of Grace, and among them were groups of Catholic monks. Henry sent his able general Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk to quash the uprising. The rebels were executed for treason in 1537. To further establish the supremacy of the Church of England and to control more eficiently places such as the northern counties which were far from London and the primary seat of the Church at Canterbury, Henry established six new episcopal sees–Oxford, Chester, Gloucester, Bristol, Peterborough, and Westminster.
Analysis
A primary point of contention among English Reformation scholars is the nature of Henry's break with Rome. They debate whether it was a political and jurisdictional separation from the Papacy or a doctrinal reform that paved the way for Protestant Christianity? The issue is complicated by both Henry's known commitment to orthodox Catholic theology and his simultaneous elevation and loyal, long-term support of the Protestant-minded Archbishop Thomas Cranmer.
Whatever Henry's deeper convictions and understanding of the religious implications of his political reformation, the manner in which he both played upon the anti-clerical feelings of many in Parliament and destroyed the propertied influence of the secular clergy and the monastaries was crucial to the advancement of Protestant religious doctrines in later decades. At the time of Henry's break from Rome, the English people were relatively content with the teachings of the Catholic Church, even if they sometimes resented occasionally hypocritical and worldly priests. Men such as Cranmer who studied Lutheran and other Protestant teachings and found them favorable were very rare in the kingdom, and most Englishmen hated Protestant heresies as violently as did King Henry when he had numbers of Protestants burned at the stake.
The competing religious tendencies between government and people and between various factions within the government did not work themselves out in favor of a more Protestant religious establishment until after Henry's death. The most important aspect of the Reformation during Henry's reign is precisely its confusion and its openness to many different interpretations by historians. Henry always considered himself "catholic" in his beliefs and wished the Church of England to remain so as well: he hoped to find a Via Media, or "Middle Way" between what he considered to be the extremes of both Roman Catholicism–with its popes and devotions to the Virgin Mary and the saints–and heretical Protestantism, which denied the truth of Transubstantiation and the validity of other sacraments and which tended to de-emphasize the importance or necessity of a rigidly hierarchical, ordained priesthood in the Christian Church.
While he was king, Henry fulfilled the role of Supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England with ruthless success, but his desires to uphold rigidly most of Catholic orthodoxy was not long championed by the majority of Parliament or by the effective will of future English monarchs.