what are the pollianna philosophies?

Answer 1

The ones who are always full of sunshine and happy disposition even in the face of terrible disaster almost to the point of dunce-headedness :)

Answer 2

There was a Disney film starring Hayley Mills back in the '60s, in it she played a character whose worldview was to find the good in any situation. The characters name, and the title of the film, was "Pollyanna". I know of no formal definition, but in common usage "Pollyanna Philosophy" usually refers to unrealistic optimism or idealism.