which are the world's easternmost, westernmost, southernmost and northernmost towns/villages?

Answer 1

The northermost village I found is Longyearbyen, on the island of Svalbald, at 78 13 N 15 39 W (over a thousand people). There are posts and weather stations further north, but they are not villages. For example, Nord, Greenland (81 43 N 17 48 W).

Answer 2

earth is a globe so there is no easternmost or westernmost coz going in any direction will get u back to where u started.
the northernmost and southernmost inhabited places are research stations close to the poles. on the northernmost side the true towns and villages are innuit settlements and these have been known to move.
hope that helps.