what is the last element have founded?

Question

element means chemistry element

Answer 1

Ununoctium (IPA pronunciation: /ˌjuːnəˈnɒktiəm/ [1]) is the temporary IUPAC name for the superheavy element 118. It has the temporary IUPAC element symbol Uuo and has an atomic number of 118. It probably shares similar properties of its group, the noble gases, resembling radon in its chemical properties, and so some researchers have referred to it as eka-radon. It is probably the second radioactive gaseous element and the first standard semiconductive gas.

Ignoring nuclear instability due to radioactivity, scientists expect that ununoctium is much more chemically reactive than xenon or radon. It would likely form stable oxides (UuoO3, etc.) as well as chlorides and fluorides.

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Oct 16, 2006 — SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - American and Russian scientists announced on Monday that they had discovered a superheavy element, known as 118, albeit one that has only existed in three different atoms lasting a fraction of a second over months of experiments.

Scientists discovered the last naturally occurring element on the periodic table in 1925 but have since sought to create new heavier elements.

In the latest experiments, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, bombarded californium with calcium ions to create 118 — the heaviest ever created in such experiments.

"I think of this like any other journey to a new place. Why do you want to go to the moon? Why do you want to go to the top of Mount Everest?" Nancy Stoyer, a member of the Livermore team, said in explaining the significance of the discovery. "Finding it is something new, it is something interesting.

"Finding it experimentally helps the theorists understand what really works for their theory and gives us more things to look for."

Scientists said they found their first superheavy element 118 atom in 2002, then found another two atoms in 2005 in a second round of experiments in which they fired 10 to the power of 19 calcium ions at the californium.

In the end the atoms of element 118 — also known as ununoctium — lasted 0.9 milliseconds, researchers said.

An announcement in 2002 from a Bulgarian-born researcher and others at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California that they had found element 118 was later shown to have been a fraud.

"We selected a completely different nuclear reaction, performed with completely different people in a different laboratory," Ken Moody, the Livermore team leader, told reporters. "Everything we do is checked and double checked.

"The data analysis is performed by both us and our Russian colleagues. We do everything that we can possibility do to both avoid the possibility of intentional fraud and of mistaken handling of the data."

Answer 2

If you're truly interested in the origins of Wicca, read "Triumph of the Moon" by Ronald Hutton, a Gardenerian priest for more than 20 years. Wicca was created primarily by Gerald Gardner with some help from Doreen Valiente and a few others in the early 1950's, cobbled together from a variety of sources such as the works of James Frazer, Margret Murray and Charles Leland. Honest Wiccans will admit that there is no evidence of any continuous traditions predating Gardner. There most certainly aren't any ancient druidic texts, particularly since the druids didn't write any texts. Books like the Mabinogion date much later than the druids. The Salem, or any other witch trials, have absolutely nothing to do with Wicca.

Answer 3

New element leaves lightweights behind

By P. Weiss

A long-sought new element has apparently sprung into existence in a Russian laboratory. Heavier than any previously known element, it crams an unprecedented 114 protons into its nucleus. The real excitement, however, say nuclear physicists and chemists, is that it lasted 30 seconds before breaking down into lighter elements.

Bucking the trend toward briefer lives for increasingly heavy nuclei, the new element lasts 100,000 times longer than number 112, the last new element found (SN: 3/2/96, p. 134). The creators of element 114 believe they have finally set foot on the so-called island of stability, a postulated region of atomic properties populated by extraordinarily long-lived superheavy nuclei.

"Sure, they've found a new element and that's important, but what's really important is the island," says Albert Ghiorso of Lawrence Berkeley (Calif.) National Laboratory (LBNL).

For 30 years, theorists have predicted the existence of this island—a kind of Shangri-La where exotic elements stick around long enough to allow exhaustive studies of their nuclear behavior and chemistry. Researchers anticipate that the elements may display unusual properties.

Scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna near Moscow and Lawrence Livermore (Calif.) National Laboratory collaborated to create the new element. In a prolonged experiment that produced just a single atom, the Russian scientists bombarded a film of plutonium-244, supplied by Livermore, with a beam of calcium-48 atoms for 40 days, says Dubna's Yuri Ts. Oganessian. They completed the work at the end of December 1998. A report of the find appeared Jan. 19 on Science's online news service.

The atom signaled its presence by disintegrating into lighter and lighter elements, from atomic number 112 to 110 to 108 and so on. Livermore's Kent Moody says his team's data analysis, completed Monday, identifies element 114 "to greater than a 99 percent probability."

Although the claim has yet to undergo peer review for publication, it's being well received in the heavy-element field. "The more we hear, the better it sounds," says Kenneth E. Gregorich, head of a LBNL team gearing up to rejoin the superheavy-element hunt next fall.

During more than a half-century of making increasingly proton-laden nuclei, scientists have found that such nuclei generally decay sooner than lighter ones. Repulsions between the many positively charged protons shatter the nucleus.

However, nuclei also contain uncharged neutrons, which can arrange themselves among the protons to make nuclei more durable than would otherwise be expected. Theorists have long suspected that element 114 would show remarkable nuclear stability.

Oganessian says he is confident that he and his colleagues have reached the shore of the long-sought island. Not only did the purported 114 atom last a long time, but certain isotopes in the decay chain, which also had never been seen before, had extraordinary life spans. For instance, isotopes of elements 112 and 108 in the decay chain lasted 15 minutes and 17 minutes, respectively, before disintegrating. Isotopes of an element have its allotted number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons.

The difficulty of identifying these novel decay products makes it hard to prove unequivocally that element 114 was created, says Sigurd Hofmann of GSI, the German center for heavy-ion research in Darmstadt. Further experiments at GSI, Dubna, and elsewhere—including perhaps a repeat of the recent Dubna experiment—should help settle any doubts about the 114 claim, he says.

With a beachhead on the island established, Oganessian calls for forays inland. "We have to go now for more heavy isotopes," such as 116, he says.

Answer 4

element 114