How is petrol produced? (for school project)?

Answer 1

Refining of Petroleum

Petroleum is a complex mixture of organic liquids called crude oil and natural gas, which occurs naturally in the ground and was formed millions of years ago. Crude oil varies from oilfield to oilfield in colour and composition, from a pale yellow low viscosity liquid to heavy black 'treacle' consistencies.

Crude oil and natural gas are extracted from the ground, on land or under the oceans, by sinking an oil well and are then transported by pipeline and/or ship to refineries where their components are processed into refined products. Crude oil and natural gas are of little use in their raw state; their value lies in what is created from them: fuels, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalt, petrochemicals and pipeline quality natural gas.

An oil refinery is an organised and coordinated arrangement of manufacturing processes designed to produce physical and chemical changes in crude oil to convert it into everyday products like petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, fuel oil and bitumen.

As crude oil comes from the well it contains a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and relatively small quantities of other materials such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, salt and water. In the refinery, most of these non - hydrocarbon substances are removed and the oil is broken down into its various components, and blended into useful products.

Natural gas from the well, while principally methane, contains quantities of other hydrocarbons - ethane, propane, butane, pentane and also carbon dioxide and water. These components are separated from the methane at a gas fractionation plant

Answer 2

In basic terms, crude oil contains many different hydrocarbons of different chain length like petrol (7-8 carbons) and tar(30+). Each component has a different biling point. The crude oil is refined by heating the components in a very tall tank until nmost of them boil off. As the different vapours rise, they cool, and at some point each compound will recondense. Petrol has a relatively low boiling point, so it recondenses pretty high up. Parrafin has a high boiling point, so it recondenses pretty low down.

Since petrol is so much more expensive than say kerosene, there are also reaction called cracking and reforming that are used to make more of the refined products into petrol. Cracking seperates long chain hydrocarbons into short ones, and reforming make two short chains into a longer one.

Then the petrol is treated with other substances, to remove impurites and help it burn better.

Answer 3

1. Crude oil undergoes fractional distillation in an oil refinery.
2. The fraction containing 8 carbon chain undergoes re-forming.
3. Longer chain fractions (that is greater than 8 carbons) undergo catalytic cracking, in order to shorten the chain. This produces an 8 carbon chain and another product.
4. Re-forming : the 8 carbon chain is reformed into say a 5 or 6 carbon chain with one or two carbon branch chains. The whole molecule must still contain 8 carbons (Octane)

Answer 4

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Answer 5

Ok i think this is it
1) Dead plants and trees die in a forest
2) They are covered in sediment over millions of years
3) They turn to coal
4) They are refined in a place where the coal s burned at different temperatures to extract different fuels in
5) Petrol is one of these things

Thats what i learned in chemistry anyway :D

Answer 6

Petrol is made by fractional distillation of crude oil.

Answer 7

When a refinery has crude oil they put in in "Crackers" which at different tempertures produce different things. Gasoline is one of them at a certain temp., kerosine, motor oil, propane, home heating oil, diesel, etc. All are taken off at different temps.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

Fractional distillation of the oil from the ground.

The lighter components (e.g. methane, jet fuel...) are extracted on top of the column while the heavier components are extracted from the bottom of the column (e.g. bitumen = road tar)

Answer 10

It is refined in an oil refinery