It could be your immune system...stress also affects the hormone...below is an excerpt from webmd about having a "normal" period.
The Moon Cycle
A normal menstrual cycle is actually more like a moon cycle. Interestingly, the only event in human life that corresponds to the lunar calendar is menstruation. Time itself was probably first measured by the moon's phases. One of the problems with the current English calendar is that the months don't coincide exactly with the solar year. In our current system, the months were made to fit by Gregory XIII, who gave them an arbitrary number of days unrelated to the moon calendar. So our calendar actually puts us out of sync with the moon.
The word menstrual comes from the Latin word mens meaning "month"; the word month comes from the root word moon. The Greek word for moon is mene, while menstruation actually means "moon change." (In some dictionaries, the root word for month and menstruation is measure.) The point of all this is to simply establish that a far more accurate and positive interpretation of menstruation was recorded in our history through language.
Countless other languages and cultures link menstruation to the moon as well. German peasants literally refer to menstruation as "the moon," while the French term for menstruation is le moment de la lune ("the moment of the moon"). The Mandingo, Susus, and Congo tribes also call menstruation "the moon," while in parts of East Africa, menstruation is thought to be caused by the new moon. The Papuans believe that the moon has intercourse with girls, triggering their periods; the Maori call menstruation "moon sickness"; the Fuegians call the moon "The Lord of the Women." Clearly the belief that the lunar cycle is identical to the menstrual cycle is universal. There is even some remarkable physical evidence that connects the moon to menstruation even more; for example, the cervix, metra in Greek, referring again to the word measurement, and also called the "meter of a woman," changes color, size, and position during menstruation. In fact, when it's viewed with a speculum (an instrument doctors use to open up the vagina), the cervix has been said to resemble a globe. Even in pregnancy, the embryo is shaped like the moon; the embryo starts out round and full, and as it becomes a fetus, it curves like the half-moon.
All this evidence suggests that women are perhaps far more in tune to the natural rhythms of the universe than they think. Meanwhile, comprehending the similarities between the menstrual and lunar cycles is crucial in order to understand what a healthy, normal menstrual cycle really is. Women are also in tune with other women's cycles; two women living together will often synchronize cycles. The rhythmic timing of menstruation also provides women with a sense of their own timing, other than just daylight.
What Is "Normal"?
It's more accurate to call a menstrual cycle a "hormonal cycle" because that is in fact what the menstrual cycle is. The menstrual cycle is driven by a symphony of hormones that trigger each other, stopping and starting, flooding and tapering in a regular rhythm each month. Every woman's hormones dance to a different tune—but rarely does the menstrual cycle correspond to the English calendar.
Low levels of sex hormones are continuously produced during a woman's reproductive years. But it is the continuous fluctuation of hormones that establishes the menstrual cycle and the understandable premenstrual symptoms (described in the section "Premenstrual Signs and Symptoms").
The main organs involved in the cycle are the hypothalamus (a part of the brain), the pituitary gland, and the ovaries. The hypothalamus is like the omniscient figure, watching over the cycle and controlling the symphony of hormones from above. It tells the pituitary gland to start the hormonal process, which signals the ovaries to "do their thing." The hypothalamus is sensitive to the fluctuating levels of hormones produced by the ovaries. When the level of estrogen drops below a certain point, the hypothalamus turns on FSH-RF (follicle-stimulating hormone–releasing factor). This stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH. FSH triggers the growth of ten to twenty ovarian follicles, but only one of them will mature fully; the others will start to degenerate sometime before ovulation. As the follicles grow, they secrete estrogen in increasing amounts. The estrogen affects the lining of the uterus, signaling it to grow or proliferate (proliferatory phase). When the egg approaches maturity inside the mature follicle, the follicle secretes a burst of progesterone in addition to the estrogen. This progesterone-estrogen combo triggers the hypothalamus to secrete more FSH-RF—this time with LH-RF (luteinizing hormone–releasing factor). These releasing factors signal the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH simultaneously. The FSH and LH levels peak and signal the follicle to release the egg. (This is ovulation.)
To simplify this process, think of it like a thunderstorm. The lightning that precedes the storm is the hypothalamus, sending out FSH-RF. The thunder that follows is the pituitary gland, answering with FSH. Then the rain starts, lightly at first. The ovaries, which are beginning to grow follicles and trickle estrogen and progesterone into the bloodstream, are the rain. This light rain goes on for a few minutes until suddenly, two bright bursts of lightning ignite the sky—the hypothalamus again, this time sending out two releasing factors, FSH-RF and LH-RF. Then, bang, bang—the pituitary gland answers the lightning, sending out FSH and LH simultaneously. The intensity of the rain increases, and it starts pouring—the follicles burst, and estrogen and progesterone pour out into the bloodstream, which is when you ovulate. Slowly the rain dies down, as hormonal levels taper off until the storm stops. It is at this point that you menstruate.
Under the influence of LH, the follicle changes its function and is now called a corpus luteum, secreting decreasing amounts of estrogen and increasing amounts of progesterone. The progesterone influences the estrogen-primed uterine lining to secrete fluids that nourish the egg (the secretory phase). Immediately after ovulation, FSH returns to a normal, or base, level, and the LH decreases gradually, as the progesterone increases. If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone to maintain the pregnancy. In this case, the corpus luteum is stimulated by HCG, a hormone secreted by the developing placenta. If the egg isn't fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates until it becomes nonfunctioning, at this point called a corpus albicans. As the degeneration progresses, the progesterone levels decrease. The decreased progesterone fails to maintain the uterine lining, which causes it to shed. Then the whole thing starts again.
The first period usually starts about the middle of puberty, at about eleven or twelve years of age. The first few periods are sporadic, and it's not uncommon for periods to be irregular for a couple years. A woman continues having her period until she's about forty-eight or forty-nine years of age, at which point the period starts to get sporadic again, tapering off as menopause sets in. Few cycles are absolutely twenty-eight days. Where does that number come from? Twenty-eight is only an average representing the cycle length of thousands of women added together and divided by the number of women. It is therefore a statistical average, not a figure that refers to the typical number of days in a woman's cycle. Menstrual cycles range anywhere from twenty to forty days, and the bleeding lasts anywhere from two to eight days, with four to six days being the average.
There's a big difference between your own cycle and a calendar month, however. When you tell your doctor that your period starts on the fifteenth of every month, for example, you're actually stating the impossible. Since the number of days varies per month, unless you were consistently irregular, you wouldn't begin menstruating exactly on the fifteenth of each month.
Finally, it's important to count the first day of bleeding as day 1 of your cycle. Many women count the first day of clear discharge after their periods as day 1, but this is not as accurate. What's the difference? Since ovulation always takes place roughly fourteen days before your period, five days off in your counting could radically interfere with your family planning. Secondly, if you're on the Pill, the first day of bleeding is always counted as day 1. If you're planning to go on or off the Pill, your cycle is more accurately tracked by using the same counting method. Thirdly, doctors always count the first day of bleeding as day 1 of the cycle.
Many of us assume that our menstrual flow is strictly blood, but this is not so. The menstrual fluid is made from a variety of ingredients: cervical and vaginal mucus, degenerated endometrial particles, and blood. The fluid does not smell until it makes contact with the bacteria in the air and starts to decompose.
2006-11-26 04:29:46
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answer #4
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answered by doom92556 4
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