True or False?

Question

The system includes all that we wish to study.
A spontaneous reaction requires that the heat of the universe decrease.
Spontaneous reactions must be fast.
A closed system disallows the transfer of heat to the surroundings.
Thermodynamics describes the direction in which a reaction will proceed.

Answer 1

The system includes all that we wish to study. - True
A spontaneous reaction requires that the heat of the universe decrease.- False (pretty sure..but not much)
Spontaneous reactions must be fast. -False (think there ain't any reason for why)
A closed system disallows the transfer of heat to the surroundings.- True
Thermodynamics describes the direction in which a reaction will proceed.-True (again ain't sure(

Answer 2

1) The system includes all that we wish to study.

This is true.

2) A spontaneous reaction requires that the heat of universe decrease.

False. A spontaneous reaction requires that the entropy of the universe (sytem + surrounding) increase.

3) Spontaneous reactions must be fast.

False. A spontaneous reaction can be identified by the thermodynamic property of free energy being negative, which can be shown to be directly related to the increase in the entropy of the universe. Thermodynamics tell us absolutely nothing about kinetics. For example, your car rusting is a spontaneous process, but don't try to sit in your driveway and watch it happen.

4) A closed system disallows transfer of heat to the surroundings.

False. A closed system allows transfer of heat and work. An isolated system disallows transfer of heat and work.

5) Thermodynamics describes the direction in which a reaction will proceed.

True. The thermodynamic quantity of free energy determines if an equilibrium process will proceed in forward or reverse fashion, or is at equilibrium already. If deltaG is negative, the process is spontaneous in the forward direction, if delta G is zero, the process is at equilibrium, and if delta G is positive the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction.

delta G = delta G(zero) + RTlnQ where Q is the reaction quotient formed from the reaction species and their stoichiometric coefficients. At equilibrium Q = K, the equilibrium constant.

Note the K is related to the equilibrium concentrations of the reaction and their forward and reverse reaction rates. However, since K represents a ratio of reaction rates, it actually gives no information about the rate itself. If the forward rate expression is 1 ms and the reverse is 1 s, K is 1000. If the forward rate expression is 1000 Years and the reverse is 1 million years, K is still 1000.

Answer 3

1. True
2. False - the heat of the universe can neither increase nor decrease.
3. False - spontaneous means that the reaction will proceed on it's own without any outside influence. Most times spontaneous reactions are fast but not always.
4. True
5. False but I can't explain why.

Answer 4

A spontaneous reaction requires that the heat of the universe decrease. (F)

Spontaneous reactions must be fast. (T)

A closed system disallows the transfer of heat to the surroundings. (T)

Thermodynamics describes the direction in which a reaction will proceed. (F)

Answer 5

System -True.
Spontaneous rx requires decrease in heat - False.
Spontaneous rx fast -True.
Closed system -True.
Thermodynamics - False. (kinetics does)

Answer 6

false

Answer 7

FALSE.

Answer 8

false
:)