How do males and females differ genotypically and phenotypically?

Answer 1

For the most part, males and females are genotypically the same until you reach Chromosome #23, the sex chromosomes. For females, the 23rd chromosome is XX, while the males have XY. They are labelled "X" and "Y" because they are shaped like the letters "X" and "Y" in their condensed forms.

The embryo knows which sex to turn into based on the presence of the Y chromosome. In all cases, all embryos will turn into a female UNLESS there is a Y chromosome. The Y chromosome will trigger a series of biochemical pathways (which includes testosterone, the male hormone) that will activate some important items while inhibiting others. The end-result is a male.

It has been argued that in evolution, the Y chromosome resulted from the cutting off of a portion of the X chromosome; it is up to you to decide whether or not you believe it.


Phenotypically, males and females differ in reproductive organs and breast development. You might also be aware of the puberty onsets that take place in males and in females in their teens. Males tend to have deeper voices than females, later growth spurts, and a more masculine physique. Females begin their monthly cycles, and so on so forth.

Answer 2

Genotypically : Males have 22 pairs of autosomes plus an X and a Y chromosome in all body cells.
Females have 22 pairs of autosomes plus XX in every body cell.

Phenotypically: These are observable differences. I don't know how old you are, but if you can't see some differences, perhaps you should talk to your parents.

Answer 3

didn't ya ever see Kindergarten Cop....... "BOYS HAVE A PENIS...GIRLS HAVE A VAGINA."