define a public good and then describe which of the following are public goods and explain why and what public

Question

a. medical research on cosmetic surgery
b practice of open heart surgery
c orthodontic work
d aids education
which are public good and explain why and what public polices are justified if the good is a public one.

Answer 1

For define of public good, you can define itself by use the characteristic of public good:
1. Nonrivalry: If you consume it does not diminish the amount of it for the others.
2. Nonexcludability: If someone consume it, the others can't be excluded to consume too.
Any public good have degree 100% for two characteristics as national defence, safety feeling from jail (pure public good). The private good, as shoes, shirts etc., have 0% degree for above characteristics (pure non public good). Fish in the lake have 0% nonrivalry and 100% nonexcludability (non pure public good), and football team 100% nonrivalry and 0% nonexcludability (non pure public good). So you can find the examples of 50% nonrivalry and 50% nonexcluabilty.
Public policies are justified to it, because the government concern to give the best service for public. For example, garden park for health of people is the main policy of govt.

Answer 2

A public good is a good where the use by one person does not prevent someone else from using it. In economics, It does not mean good for people .
a.
The market will under supply public goods because once created they are no longer scarce so can;t be sold. The government issues patents and copyrights to restrict use of knowledge developed by people so they can sell it, or the government may pay for creation of public goods directly from taxes.

Answer 3

Provocative question. Thanks. I sure used to think so. Then it actually happened. At first I was terribly depressed and lamented my loss. I spent a lot of time wallowing in self-pity. It took a while for me to finally realize that I didn't need "things" in my life to make me happy. Things not only hadn't made me happy, they often got in the way, both physically and emotionally. I begin realizing that "ownership" is an illusion. Any "thing" you own can be taken away. The only thing we can "own" is our thoughts. I found myself enjoying the freedom I experienced. Most of all it helped me to discover all the things that can't be owned but still help me to be happy. Not only can I not own what brings happiness but those things aren't even something I can hold in my hands. I remember wanting some thing really bad. If only I had ... that would make me really happy. Then I would get whatever it was and after the initial elation was over a mild disappointment always followed. The happiness I'd expected something to bring was only momentary. Much of the enjoyment of wanting something is based in the desire itself; not in the attainment. Now I find it sad when I go in a large department store like wally world and see all the stuff waiting to clutter up people's lives; objects of desire that can never be truly possessed. Even sadder are all the people in the store lusting for stuff they believe will make them happy. It never does. At best, happiness is transient. No one is happy all the time. Everyone experiences blue periods, giddy moments, sad times, joy and pain. What we do inside ourselves with what we experience is all that counts. And experience is what we get from both events outside of ourselves and the thoughts and feelings we have on the inside. What you do with your experience, how you relate to your experiences and how you decide you are going to relate to them, completely determines whether you are a happy person or one just waiting for death to end your pain. May all sentient beings have happiness and the causes of happiness. May all sentient beings be free from suffering and the causes of suffering. May all sentient beings never be separated from the happiness that is without suffering. May all sentient beings abide in equanimity, free from attachment and hatred for those held close and distant. --Buddhist prayer

Answer 4

I am the first one!!

Answer 5

Do your own homework.