what are the valance electrons for gold, neodyium, chlorine, ununillium,zirconium?

Question

please and thankyou

please give awncers and explain how to get them in a simple way 8th grade to be exact thanx

Answer 1

Au - 6s2 4f14 5d9
Nd - 6s2 4f3 5d1
Cl - 3s2 3p5
ununillium - 7s2 5f14 6d9
Zr - 5s2 4d2

Answer 2

The Valence electrons are the electrons which are in the outter shell.
some of these examples such as ununillium have electrons in the D and F subshells (can hold more than 8 electrons) and im assuming if you knew about these you wouldnt be asking such a question so you can make basic assumptions.

1)the 1st shell can have a maximum of 2 electrons (S-subshel)
2) the next and consecutive shells can have a maximum of 8 electrons( 2 in the S subshell and 6 in the P subshell)

so for gold which contains 79 electrons.

It will have 2 electrons in the 1st shell then, 8 in the next 9 shells and the outter (valence) shell will have 4 electrons.
Electrons tend to stay apart,so they will only start pairing up after there is more than 4 electrons in the shell.

This isnt strictly true(as i mentioned earlier there are shells which can contain more than 8 electrons), but at high school level its what you are taught.