2006-11-22 05:39:16 · 10 answers · asked by El Pistolero Negra 5 in Politics & Government ➔ Other - Politics & Government
None, and none was needed, imagine that!
2006-11-22 05:42:07 · answer #1 · answered by 1,1,2,3,3,4, 5,5,6,6,6, 8,8,8,10 6 · 2⤊ 0⤋
Doesn't say how much the cost was but by typing in Penicillin's cost to American government you might find what you're looking for.
Penicillin G was first discovered by the French Medical student Ernest Duchesne in 1896. Due to its instability, chemists of the time were unable to produce the drug for any use. As a result, penicillin was not extensively researched until Alexander Fleming began working with penicillin in 1928. Fifteen years later, the drug was mass produced. Penicillin G is derived from the fungus Penicilliumchrysogenum. In nature, the fungus produces this antibiotic when its food resources are limited in order to kill surrounding bacteria. Since that time new Penicillin's (Penicillin V, Ampicillin, Methicillin, etc.) have been created or discovered.
Penicillin's are characterized by a structural feature known as a Beta-Lactam ring. Other antibiotics like Cephalosporins also share this structural feature. This four membered ring makes the molecule thermodynamically unstable, thus accounting for the trouble that scientists had when working on it in the beginning of this century. This ring is also easily hydrolyzed in the presence of acid, therefore Penicillin derived from natural sources needs to be modified during manufacturing for oral administration, so that it will not be destroyed in the stomach.
2006-11-22 05:53:56 · answer #2 · answered by john h 3 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Penicillin was actually discovered overseas accidentally by some scientist. No real money was put toward it's discovery by anyone. Imagine that, I haven't heard many praise God for that though nor have I ever heard anyone use that as an excuse for sharing.
2006-11-22 05:45:56 · answer #3 · answered by Snap J 2 · 1⤊ 0⤋
It was discovered quite by accident with no funding from the *English* government by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It was discovered in London, England.
He was a scientist and pharmocologist; had gone on vacation only to return and find fungus all over his petree dishes where he had been grwoing staph cultures, except in one spot on one of the dishes. It was at this point he identified was was prohibiting the growth of the staph, the penicillin.
2006-11-22 05:49:21 · answer #4 · answered by Anonymous · 0⤊ 0⤋
Since penicillin wasn't discovered in the US, I'm gonna go with zilch again.
2006-11-22 06:18:07 · answer #5 · answered by Chris J 6 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Considering Flemming, Florey and Chain were British (well, Chain was German-born), and that penicillin was essentially discovered by accident, none.
2006-11-22 05:43:38 · answer #6 · answered by Patrick 3 · 3⤊ 0⤋
absolutly nothing the original vaccine came from europe, the patent and marketing rights were acquired by the mob in 1939, sold to mfg cos everywhere
2006-11-22 05:44:12 · answer #7 · answered by robert r 6 · 2⤊ 0⤋
None to my knowledge.
2006-11-22 05:41:01 · answer #8 · answered by JFra472449 6 · 2⤊ 0⤋
None!
2006-11-22 05:41:43 · answer #9 · answered by Anonymous · 2⤊ 0⤋
zero cause us gov sucks
2006-11-22 05:41:14 · answer #10 · answered by theweirdboy 2 · 1⤊ 1⤋