2006-11-22 05:37:18 · 10 answers · asked by El Pistolero Negra 5 in Politics & Government ➔ Other - Politics & Government
None, and none was needed. Imagine that! We can actually do something without the government, who knew?
2006-11-22 05:43:47 · answer #1 · answered by 1,1,2,3,3,4, 5,5,6,6,6, 8,8,8,10 6 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Doesn't say how much the cost was but by typing in Penicillin's cost to American government you might find what you're looking for. Penicillin G was first discovered by the French Medical student Ernest Duchesne in 1896. Due to its instability, chemists of the time were unable to produce the drug for any use. As a result, penicillin was not extensively researched until Alexander Fleming began working with penicillin in 1928. Fifteen years later, the drug was mass produced. Penicillin G is derived from the fungus Penicilliumchrysogenum. In nature, the fungus produces this antibiotic when its food resources are limited in order to kill surrounding bacteria. Since that time new Penicillin's (Penicillin V, Ampicillin, Methicillin, etc.) have been created or discovered. Penicillin's are characterized by a structural feature known as a Beta-Lactam ring. Other antibiotics like Cephalosporins also share this structural feature. This four membered ring makes the molecule thermodynamically unstable, thus accounting for the trouble that scientists had when working on it in the beginning of this century. This ring is also easily hydrolyzed in the presence of acid, therefore Penicillin derived from natural sources needs to be modified during manufacturing for oral administration, so that it will not be destroyed in the stomach.
2016-05-22 16:13:11 · answer #2 · answered by ? 4 · 0⤊ 0⤋
The same amount they put toward the invention of penicillin, the car, the plane, and 99% of all things ever invented. 0, zero, nada, bupkis, zip, zilch, nothing.
Thank you for yet another compelling argument to get research funds out of the hands of the corrupt politicians and into the hands of the private sector, where it will be used properly.
2006-11-22 05:42:00 · answer #3 · answered by Aegis of Freedom 7 · 2⤊ 0⤋
The same amount as they put toward all the other things in your other questions...none.
2006-11-22 06:09:13 · answer #4 · answered by elysialaw 6 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Zilch again. Back then the government didn't overstep its authority the way it does now.
2006-11-22 06:19:07 · answer #5 · answered by Chris J 6 · 0⤊ 0⤋
5 dollars
2006-11-22 05:40:04 · answer #6 · answered by theweirdboy 2 · 0⤊ 0⤋
None
2006-11-22 05:51:48 · answer #7 · answered by soulsearcher 5 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Zero. It was from first to last a private innovation.
2006-11-22 05:39:21 · answer #8 · answered by Anonymous · 2⤊ 0⤋
Me thinks you need to revisit elementary school.
2006-11-22 05:39:55 · answer #9 · answered by ? 2 · 0⤊ 0⤋
None.
2006-11-22 05:39:57 · answer #10 · answered by Anonymous · 0⤊ 0⤋