when is a system in a state of equilibrium?

Answer 1

A system is in mechanical equilibrium when the sum of the forces, and torque, on each particle of the system is zero.

A system is in dynamic equilibrium when two reversible processes occur at the same rate. Many processes (such as chemical reactions) are reversible.

In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when it is in thermal equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium. The local state of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium is determined by the values of its intensive parameters, as pressure, temperature, etc. Specifically, thermodynamic equilibrium is characterized by the minimum of a thermodynamic potential, such as the Helmholtz free energy, i.e. systems at constant temperature and volume:

A = U – TS
Or as the Gibbs free energy, i.e. systems at constant pressure and temperature:

G = H – TS
The process that leads to a thermodynamic equilibrium is called thermalization. An example of this is a system of interacting particles that is left undisturbed by outside influences. By interacting, they will share energy/momentum among themselves and reach a state where the global statistics are unchanging in time.



Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the concentrations of the reactants and products have no net change over time. Usually, this state results when the forward chemical reactions proceed at the same rate as their reverse reactions. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are generally not zero but, being equal, there are no net changes in any of the reactant or product concentrations. This process is known as dynamic equilibrium (Atkins & Jones, 2001). Fundamentally, reactions do not go fully to completion, but reach an equilibrium, because of the entropy of mixing associated with reaction.

Answer 2

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. It depends on themotion of the molecules and continues until the system in which the molecules are found reaches a state of equilibrium, which means that the molecules are randomly distributed throughout the system

Answer 3

When there is no NET change in the system it is in equilibrium. There can still be a lot going on, as long as everything is balanced, equilibrium is satisfied.

Answer 4

This is when all forces acting on the body or system are equal thus the resaultant ernergy which is calculated by deducting the forces acting on it by their counter forces to produce "0" force=0
Thus the boby is at equilibrium it is still. scince there is no froce greater than the opposite

Answer 5

Two of the methods to recognize equilibrium are: Titration and Spectroscopy.

Answer 6

when the vector sum of all forces acting on a system is equal to zero, in other words there is no resultant force.

Answer 7

When the output is equal to the input