How can the traits on a particular chromosome be determined?

Question

2nd question: how can these traits determine the characteristic of an organism.

I know this has to do with DNA and RNA, mRNA, tRNA, transcription and translation but i ahve a hard time applying it to these 2 questions :(

Answer 1

1. at a basic level, genetic traits are determined ultimately by the DNA sequence. Differences in the DNA sequence between individuals may result in differences in traits. Differences in the DNA sequence of a gene are known as alleles.

2. The traits determine the characteristics of an organism because the DNA sequence manifests itself as a protein. DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then processed (spliced) into mRNA. mRNA is translated at the ribosome (through the use of tRNA which brings in amino acids) into a polypeptide or protein. Differences in protein sequence may alter protein function thus resulting in an altered trait, also known as a phenotype.

Answer 2

good one's taste like vanilla coke, bad one's smell like the pages of a new book.