how was the first precedent that invented thanks Thanksgiving?

Answer 1

OK I'll bit as you have asked this with different wording but I think I figured it out. If you mean what started Thanksgiving it was by the Indians and the Pilgrims getting together to give thanks and share food. If you mean who was the first President to make it a Holdiay then it would be
Title: President Abraham Lincoln's Proclamation for a National Day of Fasting

We have been the recipients of the choicest bounties of heaven. We have been preserved, the many years, in peace and prosperity. We have grown in numbers, wealth and power, as no other nation has ever grown. But we have forgotten God. We have forgotten the gracious hand which preserved us in peace and multiplied and enriched and strengthened us; and we have vainly imagined, in the deceitfulness of our hearts that all these blessings were produced by some superior wisdom and virtue of our own.
Intoxicated with unbroken success, we have become too self-sufficient to feel the necessity of redeeming and preserving grace, too proud to pray to God that made us! It behooves us, then to humble ourselves before the offended Power, to confess our national sins, and to pray for clemency and forgiveness.

-- April 30, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln's Proclamation for a National Day of Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer.
see http://www.sermons.org/thanksgiving2.html for the rest.