Psychology.... Please help!!?

Question

I have a few multiple choice questions, I need help with please. Have been working on these all week, and a few of them i just cannot find. Please only answer if you are sure.


1-Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize:
A) Spearmans concept of general intelligence
B)Binet's concept of mental age
C) Gardner's concept of mulitple intelligences.
D) Stern's concept of an intelligence quotient.


2-WHich pair of individuals is most likely to receive similar intelligence test scores?
A) opposite-sex faternal twins
B) Ordinary siblings of the same sex
C) a mother and daughter
D) a father and a daughter
And
3- Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:
A) Collectivism
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) An internal locus of control
D) The spotlight effect
E) Pessimism

Answer 1

Okay, those aren't easy. Let's start with number 3. Learned helplessness is when someone learns to believe that they have no control over the situation and that anything they do is futile. It seems to me that that's going to cause E) some pessimism. We can eliminate B) and C) right off the bat, because those run contrary to what we would expect. The spotlight effect has to do with feeling like you're being watched, so it's probably not D). Collectivism stresses interdependence over individualism. You can kinda' see how that relates, but it doesn't seem like nearly as good of an answer as E). After all, learned helplessness is really more about dependence, not INTER-dependence. So again, E) seems like the most reasonable answer here.

Question 2 is tricky because technically parents, ordinary siblings, and faternal twins all share the same amount of genetic material (i.e. 50%). If one of the answers was identical twins, that would obviously be the right one, because they share 100%. Anyway, I'm leaning towards A). I know that A) is more true than B) because I've seen it said a couple places that the IQ scores of fraternal twins are more similar to each other than those of ordinary siblings. I also know that most of the studies done on intelligence and heredity have involved twins. It's believed by some that fraternal twins score similarly due to environmental conditions. For instance, they may be treated similarly because they are the same age. That would explain why they receive more similar scores than ordinary siblings. But do they recieve more similar scores than parent-child relations? That I don't know. But if I had to make an educated guess, I'd go with A).

Finally, I'm fairly certain that the answer to question 1 is C). Gardner proposed that there were a lot of different kinds of intelligence, not just the ones we typically think of in terms of academics. For instance, there's visual/spatial intelligence, musical intelligence, verbal intelligence, logical/mathematical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, bodily/kinesthetic intelligence. Typically, academic aptitude only measures a couple of these - like verbal and mathematical. Answers A), B), and D) are all pretty much alike - they only have to do with one kind of standard intelligence. So like I said, I'm almost positive that C) is the right answer here.

Hope this helps you out a little.

Answer 2

Ummm the first two are way to hard but I'd say the third is E

Answer 3

same here