Does anybody have any greek or roman allusions to politics or the military, or places where I can find them?

Answer 1

When asked how the war in Gaul had gone Caesar replied, "Gaul in divisia partes tres." Which means; Gaul is divided into three parts. Search other sites on Wikipedia for more on your question.

Answer 2

Greek I don't know too well, and they stayed out of the military business anyway; Plato's Republic is all politics, though. For Roman, there's all kinds of military stuff; a good place to start is with the writings of Julius Caesar, definitely the big man on conquer and expand.

Plato's Republic in English:
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/150

Caesar's War of Gaul in English: http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/10657

Caesar's followup commentary, which is in Latin, but if you've got any Latin his is pretty plain and easy enough to read:
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18837

Answer 3

"Veni, vidi, vici" (I came, saw, conquered) of Caesar's must be one of the most famous Roman ones, when he was asked how the war against the Gauls went. Another one of his is "Alea iacta sunt" (The dice are thrown) when he crossed the Rubicon with his army, thereby starting a civil war.
Another one is Cato's final sentence that he added to all his speeches about whatever topic "Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam" (Apart from that, I think Carthago has to be destroyed)
"Non olet" (It does not stink) was the answer of the emperor Tiberius when his son told him he could not really think of charging for the use of the public toilets in Rome.
Sorry, but my Greek is really not up to anything, but I am sure you'll find other sources for that.