The Earth's gravity, as it formed, centred in the iron core. The pressure and heat from the original coalescence kept the next layer of the planet (about half, if memory serves, of the volume of the Earth), the Mantle, as liquid rock, moving about. On the surface, floats the Crust, which cooled over time (L-O-N-G time; not 'geological time', which is hundreds of millions of years per Era, but 'cosmological time', measured in hundreds of billions of years).
Part of the Earth's Crust is the atmosphere -- the layer of gases which Earth's gravity keeps clinging to the planet -- which has gone through extremely wild changes in the aeons.
The short version is that as lighter elements worked their way out through the mantle, to the crust, and bubbled out, they bonded to form more complex molecules. So, hydrogen (the lightest element of which humans are aware) and oxygen (16th lightest) were among the ones which rose to the surface in fairly large quantity, along with carbon (#8, on the Periodic Table -- I'm doing this from memory, so I may be wrong) and nitrogen (#15?), and the stuff of which most Earth life-forms are made, most of which falls in the first 2 lines of the Periodic Table of Elements.
The H2O molecule is a very simple one, and free H (hydrogen) has a tendency to bond with whatever is available, because it's very volatile (and things were still very hot, on our proto-planet; there would have been spontaneous combustion of pockets of hydrogen, oxygen -- pretty much all the gases, which would throw them higher and higher into the atmosphere). Obviously, the atmosphere was almost nonexistent to start off, and grew outward.
Once the atmosphere was far enough away from the overheated planet, for water to condense, that's where the gases cooled off enough to bond. (When you boil water, you break the 2 H atoms from the O atom, when it condenses on the cold window, that's the bond forming again).
Over a very, very, very, very long time (longer than that, really), so much atmosphere accumulated that it increased the albedo of the Earth (the amount of sunlight that the Earth reflected back out into space, instead of absorbing as heat) which forced a fairly drastic cooling down, inside the atmosphere, and at the surface. Only then was it possible for there to be water on the surface of the planet.
Mind you, this little planet wasn't anything like the Earth as we know it, nor could it support any sort of life, yet. This is pure proto-Earth, when it was just little. It got much, much bigger, before there was any life on it. The Crust was still thin, and gloopy, and hadn't really cooled off properly, yet. MAJOR volcanic activity hurled elements into the atmosphere, and the lighter ones stayed up.
More time, more albedo, and more expansion, and some gloopy bits cool off, and water pools in them, making them cooler, and attracting more water.
That's as simplified as I could make it. You'll need to look up a Periodic Table of Elements, as I was simply too lazy.LOL
2006-11-17 20:50:46
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answer #2
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answered by protectrikz 3
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Even the rocks started as something else! They were once hot enough to be a gas, then cooled to become a liquid (some of which still exists on Earth - think of the magma in volcanoes.
We've just cooled down enough for the stuff that makes the rocks to be solid most of the time. We don't have to cool down that much further for the water to become as hard as the rocks - something that you can often see for yourself in winter, especially nearer the poles!
2006-11-16 16:13:52
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answer #3
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answered by junkmonkey1983 3
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Phase 1)
- Earths surface was molten (due to radioactivness of rocks heating up) Any atmosphere boiled away.
-Eventually it cooled, thin crust formed (what we live on) but volcanoes kept erupting releasing mainly CO2, but some steam, methane and ammonia
-The water vapour (steam) condensed to form the oceans
I could tell you more after that, but its not related to your question
2006-11-16 14:12:05
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answer #5
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answered by mcflurrymurray 2
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