Describe the translation of protein synthesis?

Answer 1

During translation, mRNA previously transcribed from DNA is decoded by specialized cellular structures called ribosomes to make proteins. Protein biosynthesis is divided into initiation, elongation and termination phases.

The ribosome has sites, which allow another specialized RNA molecule, known as tRNA, to bind to the mRNA. Binding of the correct tRNA to the mRNA on the ribosome is accomplished by an "anticodon" that is part of the tRNA. Thus, the correct tRNA, chemically linked to a specific amino acid, is directed to the ribosome to be added to a growing (nascent) polypeptide. The chemical process of connecting two amino acids is shown in the picture below.

The chemical process of connecting two amino acids resulting in a dipeptide and a water molecule
As the ribosome travels down the mRNA one codon at a time, another tRNA is attached to the mRNA at one of the ribosome sites. The first tRNA is released, but the amino acid that is attached to the first tRNA is now moved to the second tRNA, and binds to its amino acid. This translocation continues on, and a long chain of amino acid (protein), is formed.

When the entire unit reaches the stop codon on the mRNA, it falls apart and a newly formed protein is released. This is termination. It is important to know that during this process, many enzymes are used to either assist or facilitate the whole procedure.

Answer 2

Easy, Synthesis = make
Protein = Oraganic compounds made up of Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen and NITROGEN. Sulphur and phosphorus are often present. Protein consists os amino acids linked together with peptide bonds. so, the rpocess is called Condensation.
Condensation= A chemical reaction whereby two simple molecules are joined together and the REMOVAL of one Water Molecule.

Answer 3

tRNA attaches to mRNA, along with an assload of other things

mRNA is composed of a number of nucleotide sequences

Starting at AUG, tRNA starts adding one amino acid (methionine ALWAYS being the first one) for ever three nucleotides.

The tri-nucleotide sequence (codon) determines the next amino acid to be added.

This continues until you reach UAA, UAG or UGA and the complex is broken up and translation is complete.

Next step, protein remodeling!