The root causes of the French Revolution must be sought in the condition of French society. Before the Revolution, France was a society grounded in privilege and inequality. Its population of 27 million was divided, as it had been since the Middle Ages, into three orders or estates, the clergy, the nobility and the commoners.
2006-11-14 16:26:23
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answer #1
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answered by divinephi 3
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Belive it or not, a volcanic eruption on the other side of the world had something to do with it. The ash from the eruption of a volcano in Indonesia encircled the globe, and caused what is now called "The Year without a Summer." Crops failed all across North America and Europe, and the price of food skyrocketed. The French were already disenchanted with their government, and when they saw that the royals continued to live as they always had, while they were unable to feed their families, they revolted.
2006-11-15 00:45:53
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answer #2
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answered by cross-stitch kelly 7
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The French Revolution began in mid 1789 when the government found itself nearly bankrupt, and due to festering discontent among the commoners ( the prosperous middle class included), that crisis quickly grew into a movement of reform. It ended in 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of the government.
2006-11-14 18:01:26
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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On 16 September 1824, after a lingering illness of several months, the sixty-nine year old Louis XVIII died childless. His younger brother, Charles, age sixty-six, therefore inherited the throne of France. On 27 September Charles X, as he was now known, made his state entry into Paris to popular acclaim. Eight months later, the mood of the capital had taken a sharp, downward turn in its opinion of the new king. The causes of this dramatic shift in public opinion, while many, were principally two: 1 The imposition of the death penalty for anyone profaning the Host of the Catholic Church 2 The provisions for financial indemnities for properties confiscated by the 1789 Revolution and the First Republic of Napoleon. These indemnities to be paid to any one, whether noble or non-noble, who had been declared "enemies of the Revolution". Critics of the first accused the King and his new ministry of pandering to the Catholic Church, and by so doing violating guarantees of equality of religious belief as specified in the Charte. The second matter, that of financial indemnities, was far more opportunistic than the first. This was because since the restoration of the monarchy, there had been demands from all groups to settle matters of property ownership; to reduce, if not eliminate, the uncertainties in the real estate market both in Paris and in France. But, despite what should have been a popular reaction to the proposal, liberal opponents, many of whom were frustrated Bonapartists, began a whispering campaign that Charles X was only proposing this in order to shame those who had not emigrated. Both measures, they claimed, were nothing more than clever subterfuge meant to bring about the destruction of the Charte. Up to this time, thanks to the popularity of the Chamber of Peers with the people of Paris, the King's relationship with the elite – both of the right and left – had remained solid. This, too, was about to change. On 12 April, propelled by both genuine conviction and the spirit of independence, the Chamber of Deputies soundly rejected the government's proposal to change the inheritance laws. The popular leftist newspaper Le Constitutionnel pronounced this refusal "a victory over the forces of counter-revolutionaries and reactionism" While the popularity of both the Chamber of Peers and the Champer of Deputies skyrocketed, the popularity of the King and his ministry dropped. This became unmistakable when on 16 April 1827, while reviewing the Garde Royale in the Champ de Mars, the King was greeted with icy silence, many of the spectators refusing even to remove their hats. Because of what it perceived to be growing, relentless, and increasingly vitriolic criticism of both the government and the Church, the government of Charles X introduced into the Chamber of Deputies a proposal for a law tightening censorship, especially in regard to the newspapers. The Chamber, for its part, objected so violently that the humiliated government had no choice but to withdraw its proposals. Then, on the grounds that it had behaved in an offensive manner towards the crown, on 30 April the King abruptly dissolved the National Guard of Paris, a voluntary group of citizens and an ever reliable conduit between the monarchy and the people. Cooler heads were appalled. In July 1830, it came. On Sunday, 25 July Charles X signed the July Ordinances, also known as "Ordinances of Saint-Cloud". On Monday, 26 July they were published in the leading conservative newspaper in Paris, the Moniteur. On Tuesday, 27 July the revolution commenced in earnest Les trois journées de juillet, and the end of the Bourbon monarchy.
2016-04-01 10:25:02
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answer #4
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answered by Lisa 4
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