How the blood is classified into vairous groups?

Answer 1

Each blood group is represented by a substance on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These substances are important because they contain specific sequences of amino acid and carbohydrate which are antigenic. As well as being on the surface of RBCs, some of these antigens are also present on the cells of other tissues. A complete blood type describes the set of 29 substances on the surface of RBCs, and an individual's blood type is one of the many possible combinations of blood group antigens; usually only the ABO blood group system and the presence or absence of the Rhesus D antigen (also known as the Rhesus factor) are determined and used to describe the blood type. Over 600 different blood group antigens have been found, many of these being very rare. If an individual is exposed to a blood group antigen that is not recognised as self, the individual can become sensitized to that antigen; the immune system makes specific antibodies which binds specifically to a particular blood group antigen and an immunological memory against that particular antigen is formed. These antibodies can bind to antigens on the surface of transfused red blood cells (or other tissue cells) often leading to destruction of the cells by recruitment of other components of the immune system. Knowledge of an individual's blood type is important to identify appropriate blood for transfusion or tissue for organ transplantation.

Several different RBC surface antigens stemming from one allele (or very closely linked genes) are collectively labeled as a blood group system (or blood group). The two most important blood group systems were discovered during early experiments with blood transfusion, the ABO group in 1901 and the Rhesus group in 1937. These two blood groups are reflected in the common nomenclature A positive, O negative, etc. with letters referring to the ABO group and positive/negative to the presence/absence of the RhD antigen of the Rhesus group. Development of the Coombs test in 1945 and the advent of transfusion medicine led to discovery of more blood groups. The Coombs test is used routinely in the screening of blood for blood group antibodies in the preparation of blood for transfusion.

Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. Some blood types are rare, and are primarily found in certain ethnic groups. Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other diseases, for example the Kell antigen is associated with McLeod syndrome. Certain blood types may affect susceptibility to infections, an example being the resistance to specific malaria species seen in individuals lacking the Duffy antigen. Very rarely, a person's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection or malignancy. Transfusion reactions can occur if a person is transfused with blood of a different blood type. Mismatches involving minor antigens or weak antibodies may lead to minor problems; however, more serious incompatibilities can lead to a more vigorous immune response with massive RBC destruction, low blood pressure, and even death.

ABO and Rhesus: the two main blood group systems--
The ABO system is the most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. The associated anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies. ABO IgM antibodies are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria and viruses.

The Rhesus system is the second most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. The most important Rhesus antigen is the RhD antigen because it is the most immunogenic of the five main rhesus antigens; however, anti-RhD antibodies are not usually produced by sensitization against environmental substances. It is common for RhD negative individuals not to have any anti-RhD IgG or IgM antibodies; nevertheless, RhD negative individuals can produce IgG antibodies when they are transfused with RhD positive RBCs.

The agglutination of IgM is stronger due to the relatively large size of the IgM antibody, but the nature of the bodily reaction as a result of agglutination with IgG can be more dramatic

Other human blood group systems--
The International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognizes 29 blood group systems[1] (including the ABO and Rh systems). Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the RBC surface membrane. For example, an individual can be AB RhD positive, and at the same time M and N positive (MNS system), K positive (Kell system), Lea or Leb positive (Lewis system), and so on for each blood group system. Many of the blood group systems were named after the patients in whom the corresponding antibodies were initially encountered.

Answer 2

Well, the most common type of classification is the A-B-O classification. This refers to the type of antigen on the red blood cells. Blood that is type A contains anti-B antigens, and this means that type B blood cannot be transfused into a type A person. Type B contains anti-A antigens, and type O contains both. This means a person with blood type O can only receive blood transfusion from another person of type O. Type AB has neither antigens, and hence can receive transfusion from anyone. Type AB exists because of the way blood type is determined based on the genes inherited from parents.
There are three types of alleles : A, B, and O. O is recessive, but A and B are equally dominant. So A with O becomes A, B with O becomes B, but A with B is AB.

The other classification is the Rhesus system, which classifies blood into either - or +.
Rhesus negative people do not carry antibodies in their plasma.

Hope I helped

Answer 3

Classification Of Blood Groups

Answer 4

AB0 and Rhesus: the two main blood group systems

A, B, O
The AB0 system is the most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. The associated anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies. AB0 IgM antibodies are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria and viruses.

Rhesus= + or -
The Rhesus system is the second most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. The most important Rhesus antigen is the RhD antigen because it is the most immunogenic of the five main rhesus antigens; however, anti-RhD antibodies are not usually produced by sensitization against environmental substances. It is common for RhD negative individuals not to have any anti-RhD IgG or IgM antibodies; nevertheless, RhD negative individuals can produce IgG antibodies when they are transfused with RhD positive RBCs.

If you are still confused check my source on the bottom of the page and look for the chart its pretty self explanatory

THATS IT I'M DONE!

Edit:The International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognizes 29 blood group systems

Answer 5

Blood is classified into the following types based on the type of antigens present on them and they are;

A, B, AB, O and K

+ve and -ve is called as Rhesus factor and it comes from Rhesus monkey.

Apart from A, B, AB and O, K is a very rare kind of blood group.

Answer 6

Honestly, women do care even if they won't stay it out loud When they are put into a situation that men do not pay attention they will look back and be like damn! that was crap... There are those two groups and a group of women who secretly want attention from men but are too proud to admit it...thats the "I don't care" group

Answer 7

blood is classiied into various groups
a group
b group
ab group
o group
all these groups are divided into eight by adding positive and negative

these are clasified on the basis of antigens of which these are made

Answer 8

What do you mean? Like as in Type A, Type AB, Type B and Type O? Then you break them all down into positive and negative, such as A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, etc. Each type can be either postive or negative.

Answer 9

Broadly into Cold blooded and hot blooded.

Answer 10

you mean types, not groups. there is :A< B< O< and any combination of the three with : + or -