In center of the polar regions ie., axis of earth how magnetic needle shows the directions?

Question

if the magnetic needle placed in center part of polar regin,it is in vertical direction or in horizontal direction....

Answer 1

It points straight down (if it is mounted so that it can do this) at the magnetic pole. The magnetic and geogrpahical poles do not coincide.

Answer 2

The Magnetic North Pole is at approximately 87° N, 117° W., and the Magnetic South Pole is at about "64.53°S and 137.86°E", or 65° S, 138° E. While the North Magnetic Pole is reasonably close to the North Pole (within 4° latitude), almost the entire continent of Antarctica lies south of the latitude of the Magnetic South Pole. The magnetic pole even lies outside the Antarctic Circle!

Magnetic compasses alone are worse than useless in the regions near the poles. At 87° N for example, a compass would point due East or due West, depending on your longitude. The same is true at 65° S latitude.

At the magnetic poles themselves a dip compass, one with a horizontal instead of vertical axis, would point straight up or down, while a regular compass would either not respond at all, or "go crazy", changing direction with very small movement in any direction. If the compass were turned on its side, the needle would point straight up or down, if the compass design permitted.

Answer 3

If you contructed a compass so that the needle could be verical or held a regular compass vertically, the needle would indeed point vertically at the magnetic poles of the Earth.

Do be aware, however, that the magnetic poles and the rotational poles of the Earth are not exactly the same. This is why magnetic north is not the same as North. The closer you get to the poles, the more pronouced this is.