Discuss the supremacy clause and its effects on State and Local Government?

Answer 1

I'll give you enough info to get started.

The Supremacy Clause is Article VI, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution: "This Constitution, and the law of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be Supreme Law of the land; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any thing in the Constitution or Laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding."

This effectively prevents state and local governments from exercising powers that are specifically reserved to the federal government, and restrictions conferred by the Constitution upon the States are enforcable, even if it would contradict state/local law.

This clause, combined with the rest of the constitution, and amendments, places limits on state and local governments, such as the 14th Amendment, Section 1:
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."