What are the melting and boiling points for buckyballs?

Answer 1

Fullerene do not really melt as such, they will decompose into graphite as the heat raise, and then will behave like that form of carbon, with sublimation occuring at around 4000 K (liquid carbon can be done only under high pressure). Cooling it from that point will NOT restore them as buckyballs.

Answer 2

Buckyballs Wiki

Answer 3

Same as other carbon.

Melts triple point, ca. 10 MPa
and (4300–4700) K
(4027–4427 °C,
7280–8000 °F)


Boils subl. ca. 4000 K
(3727 °C, 6740 °F)

The fullerenes are a recently-discovered family of carbon allotropes named after Buckminster Fuller. They are molecules composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Recently discovered is the "buckyegg", by researchers at UC Davis. Spherical fullerenes are sometimes called buckyballs, the C60 variant is often compared to the typical white and black soccer football, the Telstar of 1970. Cylindrical fullerenes are called buckytubes. Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite, which is composed of a sheet of linked hexagonal rings, but they contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings that prevent the sheet from being planar.

Fullerenes are stable, but not totally unreactive. The sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, which are at their energy minimum in planar graphite, must be bent to form the closed sphere or tube, which produces angle strain. The characteristic reaction of fullerenes is electrophilic addition at 6,6-double bonds, which reduces angle strain by changing sp2-hybridized carbons into sp3-hybridized ones.[1] The change in hybridized orbitals causes the bond angles to decrease from about 120 degrees in the sp2 orbitals to about 109.5 degrees in the sp3 orbitals. This decrease in bond angles allows for the bonds to bend less when closing the sphere or tube, and thus, the molecule becomes more stable.

Other atoms can be trapped inside fullerenes to form inclusion compounds known as endohedral fullerenes. Recent evidence for a meteor impact at the end of the Permian period was found by analysing noble gases so preserved. Metallofullerene-based inoculates using the rhonditic steel process are beginning production as one of the first commercially-viable uses of buckyballs.

Answer 4

Its dependent on pressure and if something is dissolved in the water or not. At 1 ATM (= 1013 mbar = 101.325 kPa), cooling water to 0C (32F) freezes it or warming it to 100C (212F) boils it. On top of Mount Everest the pressure is about 260 mbar (26.39 kPa) so the boiling point of water is 69 °C. (156.2 °F). Away from rivers and glaciers, the ocean has a salinity of about 35. The Atlantic is about 1 salinity units saltier than the Pacific. So ocean water freezes at about -1.91 C (28.5F) Salt dissolved in water lowers the freezing point. Also, salt water (salinity 35) will boil at 216F (102C). So dissolved salts raises the boiling point. Interesting stuff.