does anybody know much about sergei witte?

Question

Does anybody know about the effects on the social classes in russia when sergei witte changed tsarist russia upto 1906? if you do an email for more information would be grand.

Answer 1

Hey skotiheat...

Sergei Witte was born in Tiflis, Georgia, on 29th June, 1849. He attended university in Odessa where he specialized in mathematics.

After graduating in 1870 he became involved in the railway industry. A successful railway executive, Witte entered the Russian government in 1889 when he was appointed as Director of the Department of Railway Affairs.

By 1893 he became Minister of Finance. Witte combined his experience in the railway industry with a strong interest in foreign policy. He encouraged the expansion of the Trans-Siberian Railway and organized the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway. Witte also played an important role in helping to increase the speed of Russia's industrial development.

Witte was much admired in Russia but he made some powerful enemies, including Vyacheslav Plehve, Minister of the Interior. In August, 1903, Plehve passed on documents to Nicholas II that Witte was part of a Jewish conspiracy. As a result Witte was removed as Minister of Finance.

In June, 1905, Witte was asked to negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War. The Tsar was pleased with his performance and was brought into the government to help solve the industrial unrest that had followed Bloody Sunday.

In June, 1905, the Potemkin Mutiny took place and industrial workers all over Russia went on strike. In October, 1905, the railwaymen went on strike which paralyzed the whole Russian railway network. Later that month, Leon Trotsky and other Mensheviks established the St. Petersburg Soviet. Over the next few weeks over 50 of these soviets were formed all over Russia.

Witte, the new Chief Minister, advised Nicholas II to make concessions. He eventually agreed and published the October Manifesto. This granted freedom of conscience, speech, meeting and association. He also promised that in future people would not be imprisoned without trial. Finally he announced that no law would become operative without the approval of the State Duma.

As this was only a consultative body, many Russians felt that this reform did not go far enough. Leon Trotsky and other revolutionaries denounced the plan. In December, 1905, Trotsky and the rest of the executive committee of the St. Petersburg Soviet were arrested. Others followed and gradually Nicholas II and his government regained control of the situation.

Witte's liberal policies had upset the conservatives in Russia and the Tsar once again came under pressure to dismiss his Chief Minister. Nicholas II, who was beginning to have doubts about the reforms that had been introduced, forced Witte to resign in April, 1906.

In his retirement Witte wrote his memoirs and continued to express his views on politics. In 1914 he opposed Russian entry into the First World War and later favoured peace negotiations with the German government. Sergei Witte died in Petrograd on 13th March, 1915.

Answer 2

Sergei Witte

Answer 3

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does anybody know much about sergei witte?
Does anybody know about the effects on the social classes in russia when sergei witte changed tsarist russia upto 1906? if you do an email for more information would be grand.

Answer 4

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Answer 7

Sergei Witte
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (Сергей Юльевич Витте) (June 29, 1849 – March 13, 1915), also known as Sergius Witte, was a highly influential policy-maker who presided over extensive industrialization within the Russian Empire. He was also the author of the October Manifesto of 1905, a precursor to Russia's first constitution, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister of Russia) of the Russian Empire.

Witte's family from his father's side was russified Lutheran German and his mother's side Russian nobility. Sergei Witte's maternal grandfather was Andrei Mikhailovich Fadeyev, a Governor of Saratov and Privy Councillor of the Caucasus, his grandmother was Princess Helene Dolgoruki, and the mystic Madame Blavatsky was his first cousin. His father was Julius Witte, his mother was Catherine Fadeyev. He was born in Tiflis and raised in the Caucasus region of Russia, in the house of his mother's parents. He graduated from Novorossiysk University in Odessa with a degree in Mathematics. He then spent the greater part of the 1870s and 1880s involved in private enterprises, particularly the administration and management of various railroad lines in Russia.


[edit] Impact on Russian economics

Witte's portrait by Ilya Repin.Witte served as Russian Director of Railway Affairs within the Finance Ministry from 1889 – 1891, Transportation Minister (1892), where he pursued an ambitious program of railway construction and oversaw the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

He was appointed Russian Finance Minister in 1892, a position he held until 1902. During his tenure as Finance Minister the nation saw unprecedented economic growth. Witte strongly encouraged foreign capital to invest in Russia, and to do so he put Russia on the gold standard in 1897. Witte encouraged the growth of Russian industry, as a result the industrial sector of the economy expanded rapidly, especially the metals, petroleum, and transportation sectors. To improve the economy and to attract foreign investors Witte also advocated curbing the powers of the Russian autocracy.

Witte was transferred to the relatively powerless position of Chairman of the Committee of Ministers in 1903, a position he held until 1905. This position was also called Secretary of State in the US [1]. In an attempt to keep up the modernization of the Russian economy Witte called and oversaw the Special Conference on the Needs of the Rural Industry. This conference was to provide recommendations for future reforms and the data to justify those reforms. Despite these efforts the lot of the peasants slowly declined and unrest increased in the peasant population.


[edit] Impact on Russian politics
Witte returned to the forefront in 1905, however, when he was called upon by the Tsar to negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War. Witte traveled with Baron Rosen to the United States, where the peace talks were being held, and negotiated brilliantly on Russia's behalf. Despite losing dramatically on the battlefield, Russia lost very little in the final settlement.

After this success Witte was brought back into the governmental decision-making process to help deal with the civil unrest following the war and Bloody Sunday. He was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1905. During the Russian Revolution of 1905, Witte advocated for the creation of an elected parliament, the formation of a constitutional monarchy, and the establishment of a Bill of Rights through the October Manifesto. Many of his reforms were put into place, but they failed to end the unrest. This, and overwhelming victories by left-wing political parties in Russia's first elected parliament, the State Duma, forced Witte to resign as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister).

Witte continued in Russian politics as a member of the State Council but never again obtained an administrative role in the government. Just prior to the outbreak of World War I he urged that Russia stay out of the conflict. His warning that Europe faced calamity if Russia became involved went unheeded, and he died shortly thereafter.