Irish History?

Question

In the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic, Patrick Pearse wrote "In every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom and sovereignty; six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it in arms." What were these six? I need to know what six specific incidents these were for a paper...thanks!

Answer 1

This is the best I can come up with - hope it helps.

1/ 1600: The most determined resistance to reconquest came from the Gaelic chieftains of Ulster (the northeastern quarter of the island), led by Hugh O'Neill, 2d earl of Tyrone, at the end of Elizabeth's reign. In suppressing their rebellion between 1595 and 1603, English forces devastated the Ulster countryside. Once these chieftains had submitted, however, King James I of England was willing to let them live on their ancestral lands as English-style nobles, but not as petty kings within the old Gaelic social system. Dissatisfied with their new roles, the chieftains took ship to the Continent in 1607. This "flight of the earls" gave the English crown a pretext to confiscate their vast lands and sponsor scattered settlements of British Protestants throughout west and central Ulster (the Ulster Plantation). The crown's actions indirectly encouraged the much heavier unsponsored migration of Scots to the coastal counties of Down and Antrim. Land was sold to Scottish immigrants for six pence per acre. These settlements account for the existence in present-day Ulster of numerous Protestants (many of them Scottish Presbyterians) of all social classes. Elsewhere in modern Ireland, Protestantism has been confined to a small propertied elite, many of whose members were the beneficiaries of further confiscations a generation after the Ulster Plantation.
2/ 1641: The pretext for these new confiscations was the rebellion of the Gaelic Irish in Ulster against the British settlers in 1641. Indeed, this rebellion triggered the English Civil War, which put an end to King Charles I's attempt to create an absolutist state (represented in Ireland by the policies of his lord deputy, Thomas Wentworth, 1st earl of Strafford).

3/ 1649: Oliver Cromwell quickly imposed English authority on Ireland. Cromwell repaid his soldiers and investors in the war effort with land confiscated largely from the Anglo-Irish Catholics of the Irish midlands who had joined the rebellion hesitantly and only to defend themselves against Puritan policies.

4/ 1798: A revolutionary uprising by the Society of United Irishmen was destroyed by the British, many of the Society's members emigrate to the United States.

5/ 1872: The Irish National Party was formed in 1872 and it demanded “Home Rule” (self-government or national independence) for Ireland. It did not differ greatly from the Fenians in aims, only in means. However the Home Rule Party did not entirely disdain the strengthening of parliamentary action through acts of terrorism by the Fenians – with whom close contact was sometimes maintained.
The Fenians and Home Rulers became particularly aggressive in the early eighties when competition from American food-stuffs drove the prices of agricultural products right down, and would have made the position of the Irish tenant a desperate one if rents hadn’t been considerably reduced.
In contrast to Ireland’s growing power of attack, the power of her opponent to resist was weakening.

6/ 1916: Great Easter Rebellion suppressed by the British.

Answer 2

I can only find 5 of them. However, there were two more armed conflicts in the 16th century, maybe they count within the 300 years :

In the mid-seventeenth century, Ireland was convulsed by eleven years of warfare, beginning with the Rebellion of 1641, when Irish Catholics rebelled against English and Protestant domination

The Catholic gentry briefly ruled the country as Confederate Ireland (1642-1649) against the background of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms until Oliver Cromwell re-conquered Ireland in 1649-1653 on behalf of the English Commonwealth

Ireland became the main battleground after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, when the Catholic James II left London and the English Parliament replaced him with William of Orange

In 1800, after the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the British and the Irish parliaments enacted the Act of Union, which merged Kingdom of Ireland

A failed attempt was made to gain separate independence for Ireland with the 1916 Easter Rising, an insurrection in Dublin. Though support for the insurgents was small, the violence used in its suppression led to a swing in support of the rebels.

Answer 3

The Act of Union 1800 is composed of concepts as an important turning factor in Irish historic past. This Act replaced right into a reaction to modern-day activities in France and concerns over the 1798 rebellions, yet in addition severely misjudged the consequence. till then, eire replaced into at present springing up as a good political and financial tension interior it’s very own precise and the draconian Penal regulations have been fading away. with out the Act of Union, it’s particular that the historic past of eire could have been very distinctive. Political independence could have persevered to enhance, the difficulty of absenteeism landlords (land conflict) does not have got here approximately to an identical strengthen it did throughout the time of the nineteenth century and eire’s financial equipment could have reinforced, extremely figuring out to purchase and advertising links with Europe. Catholic emancipation could have got here approximately faster and Daniel O’Connell could have been around to quicken the approach. Friction between the Catholic majority and Protestant ruling minority could have been much less. It’s additionally possibly that with out the Act of Union in 1800 there could have been no 1916 and all that. It’s ‘nutrition for theory’? Stuart.

Answer 4

Wikipedia.com

or

The Public Library