i need a prief of the database history, when it was started, where, and how?

Answer 1

Hey Blackera4,

This is from the first site:

"Ancient to modern: The origins go back to libraries, governmental, business, and medical records. There is a very long history of information storage, indexing, and retrieval. Don't ignore this history, there is usually something to learn from these folks and their success and failure. Lots of online stuff (and there is lots) does not guarantee quality of data or search technique. Good design principles goes way back and lots is known now about how to make good designs that lead to better reliability and performance.

1960's: Computers become cost effective for private companies along with increasing storage capability of computers. Two main data models were developed: network model (CODASYL) and hierarchical (IMS). Access to database is through low-level pointer operations linking records. Storage details depended on the type of data to be stored. Thus adding an extra field to your database requires rewriting the underlying access/modification scheme. Emphasis was on records to be processed, not overall structure of the system. A user would need to know the physical structure of the database in order to query for information. One major commercial success was SABRE system from IBM and American Airlines.

1970-72: E.F. Codd proposed relational model for databases in a landmark paper on how to think about databases. He disconnects the schema (logical organization) of a database from the physical storage methods. This system has been standard ever since. ..."

and it continues...