Named as Round Table Knights by Malory
Sir Aglovale, Sir Agravaine, Sir Aliduke (BOOK VI, CHAP IX), King Anguish,of Ireland, Earl Aristause, Sir Arrok de Grevaunt ( the epiphet only occurs in the Caxton edition), King Arthur, Sir Astamor.
King Bagdemagus (BOOK XIII, CHAP IX), Sir Barant le Apres (also called the King with the hundred knights), Sir Baudwin (BOOK XVIII, CHAP XII), Sir Bedivere, Sir Bellangere le Beuse, Sir Bellangere le Orgulous, Sir Belleus (BOOK VI, CHAP XVIII), Sir Blamore de Ganis, Sir Bleoberis de Ganis, Sir Bohart le Cure Hardy (the son of King Arthur, also called Sir Borre), Sir Bors de Ganis, Sir Brandiles, Sir Bruine le Noire (also called La Cote Male Taile), Sir Brian de Listinoise.
King Carados of Scotland, Sir Cardok, Duke Chaleins of Clarance, King Clarance of Northumberland, Sir Clarrus of Cleremont, Sir Clegis, Sir Cloddrus, Sir Colgrevance, Sir Constantine, Sir Crosselm, Sir Curselaine (BOOK XX, CHAP II).
Sir Darras, Sir Degrane Saunce Velany, Sir Degrevaunt (in th Winchester manuscript only), Sir Dinadan, Sir Dinas, Sir Dinas le Seneschal of Cornwall, Sir Dodinas le Savage, Sir Durnore, Sir Driant.
Sir Ector de Maris, Sir Edward of Carnarvon, Sir Edward of Orkney, Sir Epinogris, Sir Erminide (also called Sir Hermine).
Sir Fergus, Sir Florence.
Sir Gahalantine, Sir Gaheris, Sir Galagars (BOOK IV, CHAP IV), Sir Galahad (BOOK XIII, CHAP IV), Duke Galahad the haut prince, Sir Galihodin, Sir Galihud (BOOK XVIII, CHAP III), Sir Galleron of Galway, Sir Gareth, Sir Gautere, Sir Gawaine, Sir Gillemere, Sir Gingalin, Sir Griflet le Fise de Dieu, Sir Gromere Grommor's son, Sir Guyart le Petite, Sir Gromore Somir Joure (BOOK XX, CHAP II).
Sir Harry le Fise Lake, Sir Hebes, Sir Hebes le Renoumes, Sir Hectimere, Sir Helaine le Blank, Sir Hervise de la Forest Savage, Sir Hervise le Revel (BOOK IV, CHAP IV).
Sir Ironside (also called the noble Red Knight of the Red Launds).
Sir Kay le Seneschal, Sir Kay de Stranges.
Sir Ladinas of the Forest Savage (BOOK XIX, CHAP I), the King of the Lake (BOOK IV, CHAP IV), Earl Lambaile, Sir Lambegus, Sir Lamiel of Cardiff, Sir Launcelot du Lake, Sir Lavaine (BOOK XIX, CHAP XIII), Sir Lionel, Sir Lovel, Sir Lucan the Butler.
Sir Mador de la Porte, Sir Marhaus (BOOK VI, CHAP. IX), Sir Marrok, Sir Melleaus de Lile, Sir Melion of the Mountain, Sir Meliot de Logris, Sir Meliagaunce (BOOK XIX, CHAP II), Sir Menaduke, Sir Mordred, Sir Morganore.
Sir King Nentres of Garloth, Sir Nerovens.
Sir Ozanna le Cure Hardy.
Sir Palomides (BOOK X, CHAP LXII), Sir Patrise of Ireland (BOOK XVIII, CHAP III), Sir Pelleas, Sir Percivale (BOOK X, CHAP XXIII), Sir Perimones (also called the Red Knight), Sir Persaunt, Sir Persides (BOOK XI, CHAP XII), Sir Pertilope (also called the Green Knight), Sir Petipase of Winchelsea, Sir Pinel le Savage (BOOK XVIII, CHAP III), Sir Plaine de Fors, Sir Plenorius, Sir Priamus.
Sir Reynold, the Duke de la Rowse (BOOK VII, CHAP XXXV).
Sir Sadok, Sir Sagramore le Desirous, Sir Safere (BOOK XVIII, CHAP III), Sir Selises of the Dolorous Tower, Sir Sentraile, Sir Servause le Breuse, Sir Suppinabilis.
Sir Tor, Sir Tristram (BOOK X, CHAP VI).
Earl Ulbause, King Uriens of the land of Gore, Sir Urre (BOOK XIX, CHAP XIX), Sir Uwaine le Blanche Mains (also called Sir Uwaine le Fise de Roy Ureine) - (BOOK IX, CHAP XXXVII), Sir Uwaine les Avoutres.
Sir Villiars the Valiant.
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Arthur's knights named in the Welsh Triads
We have a here list that is definitely influenced by French sources. Else, however could the names of Bwrt (Bors), Galath (Galahad) and Peredur (Perceval) appear in them as three virgin knights? For these, in French texts, are the three knights who achieve the Holy Grail. The inclusion of Trystan also indicates a continental influence, as the earliest known Trystan tales were independant of the Arthurian cycle and Trystan only became integrated into it at a fairly late stage in the development of Arthurian literature. While Lanslod Lak is undoubtably Lancelot of the Lake who is, in the continental Arthurian cycle the father of Galahad (Galath). One point of note is that two sons of Llew (Lot) are mentioned who retain their place and relationship throughout the development of Arthurian literature: these are Gwalchmai (Gawain) and Medrod (Mordred). It is interesting that Medrod is honoured by being one of the three Royal Knights of Arthur's Court, a contrast to the poor reputation he enjoys in conventional Arthurian literature.
The twenty-four ordained knights of Arthur's Court
Twenty-four ordained knights were in Arthur's Court dwelling continuously, and each one of them had an innate peculiarity of achievement beyond other people.
1) Three Golden-Tounged Knights were in Arthur's Court: Gwalchmai son of Llew son of Cynfarch, and Drudwas son of Tryfin, and Eliwod son of Madog son of Uthur: and there was neither king nor lord to whom those came who did not listen to them; and whatever quest they sought, they wished for and obtained it, either willingly or unwillingly.
2) Three Virgin Knights were in Arthur's Court: Bwrt son of Bwrt king of Gascony, and Peredur son of Earl Efrog, and Galath son of Lanslod Lak. Wherever these came , where there might be giant or witch or fiendish being __ (such) could not withstand on of thise Three Virgin Knights.
3) Three Knights of Battle were in Arthur's Court: Cadwr Earl of Cornwall, and Lanslod Lak, and Ywain son of Urien Rheged. The peculiarities of thos were that they did not flee for fer of spear or sword or arrow; and Arthur was never shamed in battle on the day that he saw their faces in the field. And therefore they were called Knights of Battle.
4) Three Enchanter Knights were in Arthur's Court: Menw son of Teirgwaedd, and Trystan son of Tallwch, and E(i)ddilig the Dwarf; since they changed themselves into the form they wished when they were hard-pressed, and therefore no one could overcome them.
5) Three Royal Knights were in Arthur's Court: Nasiens son of the King of Denmark, and Medrod son of Llew son of Cynfarch, and Howel son of Emyr Llydaw. The peculiarities of those were that there was neither king nor emperor in the world who could refuse them, on account of their beauty and wisdom in peace; while in war no warrior or champion could withstand them, despite the excellence of his arms. and therefore they were called Royal Knights.
6) Three Just Knights were in Arthur's Court: Blaes son of the Earl of Llychlyn, and Cadog son of Gwynlliw the bearded, and Pedrog Splintered-Spear, son of Clement Prince of Cornwall. The peculirities of those were that whoever might do wrong to the weak, they contended against him who did him wrong in the cause of justice; and whoever might do wrong they slew, however strong he might be. For those three had dedicated themselves to preserve justice by every Law: Blaes by earthly Law, Cadog by the Law of the Church, and Pedrog by the Law of arms. And those were called Just Knights.
7) Three Irrestible Knights were in Arthur's Court: Morfran son of Tegid, and Sanddef Angel-Face, and Glewleyd Mighty-Grasp. The peculiarites of those were that it was repugnant to anyone to refuse them anything: Snadref because of his beauty, Morfran because of his ugliness and Glewlwyd because of his size and his strength and his ferocity. And therfore they were called irrestible knights.
Three Counsellor Knights were in Arthur's Court: Cynon son of Clydno Eiddyn ['of Edinburgh'],and Aron son of Cynfarch, and Llywarch the Old son of Elidir Lydanwyn. And those three were Counsellors of Arthur: whatever hardship came upon him they counselled him, so that nobody could overcome him. And thus Arthur triumphed over everyone, and in every feat, and over every nation in the world; through the strength of the powerful spirit and the faith and hope that were in his heart toward those men, and through the sacred weapons that God had given him. Rhongomiant his spear, Caledfwlch his sword, and Carnwennan his dagger.
Coe, J. B., Young, S., The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend, Llanerch, 1995, pp.91-3.
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The Winchester Round Table
The account given in Hone's Book of Days
The Inscriptions on the Winchester Round Table
KING ARTHUR'S ROUND TABLE
Where Venta's Norman castle still uprears
Its rafter'd hall,-that o'er the grassy foss,
And scatter'd flinty fragments, clad in moss,
On yonder steep in naked state appears,-
High hung remains, the pride of warlike years,
Old Arthur's Board: on the capacious round
Some British pen has sketch'd the names renown'd,
In marks obscure, of his immortal peers
Though joined,by magpie skill, with many a rime,
The Druid frame, unhonor'd, falls a prey
To the slow vengeance of the wizard, Time,
And fade the British characters away;
Yet Spenser's page, that chants in verse subblime
Those chiefs, shall live, unconscious of decay.
Warton
It is an ancient legend that the castle of Winchester was built by the renowned king Arthur, in 523; but Dr. Milner ascertains that it was constructed in the reign of the Norman conqueror. In its old chapel, now termed thc county hall, is Arthur's Round Table. It hangs at the east end, and consists of stout oak plank, perforated with many bullets, supposed to have been shot by Cromwell's soldiers. It is painted with a figure to represent king Arthur, and with the names of his twenty-four knights, as they are stated in the romances of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It is represented by the above engraving.
King Arthur's round table was believed to have been actually made, and placed in Winchester castle by himself; and was exhibited, as his veritable table, by king Henry VIII., to the emperor Charles V. Hence Drayton sings-
And so great Arthur's seat ould Winchester
prefers,
Whose ould round table yet she vaunteth to
be hers.
It is Certain that among the learned, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, it was not generally credited that this had really and truly been the table of the renowned king Arthur. There is now evidence that it was introduced into this country by king Stephen. In the twelfth and succeeding centuries, knights who were accustomed to perform feats of chivalry used to assemble at a table of this form to avoid disputes for precedency. From this usage, the tournaments themselves obtained the name of the Round Table, snd are so called in the records of the times. (Milner's History of Winchester)
Arthur's round table was mentioned two centuries and a-half ago, by Paulus Jovius, who relates the emperor's visit to it, and states that many marks of its antiquity bad been destroyed, that the names of the knights were then just written afresh, and the table, with its ornaments, newly repaired. (Hist. of Winchester, by Warton)
It is agreed that this vestige of former times is of a date quite as early as Stephen, earl of Bologn, and Mortaigne, who, in 1135, achieved the chivalrous feat of seizing the crown of England, which had been settled on the empress Maud, as sole descendant of Henry I. The round table at Winchester, therefore, is at least seven hundred years old.
The reign of Arthur, the celebrated " British king," seems to have been taken on the authority of the no less celebrated Geoffrey of Monmouth, the monkish historian, in the reign of king Stephen. On this occasion it is sufficient to add, that, besides the old romance, there is a ballad, called "The Noble Acts of King Arthur, and the Knights of the Round Table; with the Valiant Atchievements of Sir Lancelot du Lake: to the tune of Flying Fame." The ballad commences thus:-
When Arthur first in court began,
And was approved king;
By force of arms great victories won,
And conquest home did bring:
Then into Britain straight he came,
Where fifty good and able
Knights then repaired unto him,
Which were of the Round Table.
2006-11-09 10:24:42
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answer #8
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answered by diane_b_33594 4
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