How do you get a light bulb out of a loose socket?

Answer 1

Is the lamp socket or the metal part of the bulb loose?

Glass loose in bulb metal base:

Kill the power (unplug,or turn off the switch, or open the breaker, or take out the fuse):

Take it out:
Wear gloves and eye protection. Use pliers on the metal part if the bulb itself breaks.

Lamp Socket:
The socket will have to be resecured but to get to the mounting screws you may need to get the bulb out (see above). If it can be resecured because the mounting is external to the lamp, secure it tightly so twisting does not break the wires. Otherwise HOLD ON TO THE SOCKET while you twist.

Answer 2

Secure the socket after the power is turned off. Then remove the bulb. If the bulb is broken, you can use a potato to unscrew the bulb's base. If you trust the people in your house you can simply turn the light switch off. If you don't trust them, kill power to the switch or use lockout/tagout protocols.