specify the areas of application of high level language, machine languages and assembly languages?

Question

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Answer 1

High level languages like C#, C++, Fortran, Cobol, Pascal, Neeliac, etc. are used to create programs quickly when you do not need absolute control over HOW the computer hardware is being manipulated or used.. just the end results are required.

Machine language is used when your machine cannot run anything else and you need to enter a VERY SMALL program (normally for maintenance people running diagnostics) for troubleshooting or testing purposes.

Assembly languages are used when you need to control HOW the machine is going to do something.. such as writing diagnostic programs to test functionallity.. AND they are also used when you need to write very FAST code because you can "tweek" it to run very fast using specialized instructions rather than the "canned" ones used in high level languages. Assembly language can also be used to write very SMALL programs since their overhead is usually much smaller (they don't need all of the stored routines and tables that High Level Languages use). Assembly is used to write hardware drivers and to write compilers, decoders, or routines for High Level languages to use where the HLL does not perform adequately (perhaps it produces very large programs)

Note: Writing the SAME program in a High Level Program, Machine Language, and Assembly... Machine Language will take typically 1000 times the time that HLL uses and Assembly will take about 100 times the time that HLL takes to develop.. but there can be some MAJOR differences in the final ".EXE" file produced... (forget Machine language for writing any kind of normal program.. it takes too long and Assembly produces nearly the identical code).. for the very same program.. Assembly Language normally produces a much smaller .EXE file than any High Level Language (there are a few exceptions and it does depend upon the skill of the programmer somewhat)...

With that all said.. some High Level Languages have "Optimizers" for them to speed them up and make them smaller.. some will produce "tight" code similar to Assembly and if you don't need absolute hardware control (such as a diagnostic or driver) then the TIME factor becomes the most important.

When memory was VERY expensive then human labor costs to produce small programs was profitable.. but now memory is cheap and human labor is relatively expensive so it is more profitable to use High level languages to reduce program development time (and perhaps have one or two Assembly programmers to write fast or small routines).

Hope this helps some.