Two ways in which the sequences of your DNA might affect your phenotype?

Question

Also, why don't the repetive sequences described in the article seem to affect the carrier's phenotype?

Answer 1

The reason repetitive sequences often do not affect the carrier's phenotype is because many repetitive sequences are in what we know as "introns" or unexpressed regions of DNA. While our DNA contains an enormous amount of data, often only a small sequence of nucleotides is necessary to make the proteins that produce a phenotype. These active sequences are in expressed portions of the DNA, or "exons." In addition, sometimes a single strand of DNA carries sequences for many different types of characteristics in an individual, but have different portions of the DNA expressed. Therefore, what may be an intron for, say, eye color, may be an exon for hair color.

Answer 2

i don't know about the second question relating to the article, but for the first question, sequences of base pairs of dna code for amino acids, which code for proteins which make up your genes. SO if you have different combinations of base pairs of dna, you will have different genes, which will lead to different phenotypes (dominant genes lead to phenotypes being expressed). for example, one combination of base pair sequences would lead to having brown eyes, while a different combination would lead to having blue eyes.