2006-10-29 20:06:25 · 5 answers · asked by nandhu 1 in Computers & Internet ➔ Internet
the best place:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_prize_winners
2006-10-29 21:30:06 · answer #1 · answered by ri_ma_bo 4 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners
2006-10-30 04:09:26 · answer #2 · answered by Masud R. Khan 4 · 0⤊ 0⤋
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates
(Its a long long list so I can't send u the names)
2006-10-30 04:21:16 · answer #3 · answered by Anonymous · 0⤊ 0⤋
Algeria
Albert Camus*, (then French Algeria), Literature, 1957
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji*, (then French Algeria), Physics, 1997
Argentina
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Peace, 1980
Bernardo Houssay, Physiology or Medicine, 1947
Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Peace, 1936
Luis Federico Leloir, Chemistry, 1970
César Milstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
Australia
William Lawrence Bragg*, Physics, 1915 (youngest recipient of a prize)
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Physiology or Medicine, 1960
John Warcup Cornforth, Chemistry, 1975
Peter Doherty, Physiology or Medicine, 1996
John Carew Eccles, Physiology or Medicine, 1963
Sir Howard Florey, Physiology or Medicine, 1945
Barry Marshall, Physiology or Medicine, 2005
J. Robin Warren, Physiology or Medicine, 2005
Patrick White, United Kingdom, Literature, 1973
Austria
Bertha von Suttner, (then Austrian Empire, now Czech Republic), Peace, 1905
Alfred Hermann Fried, (then Austria-Hungary), Peace, 1911
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy*, Chemistry, 1925
Erwin Schrödinger, Physics, 1933
Wolfgang Pauli, Physics, 1945
Konrad Lorenz, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
Karl von Frisch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
Walter Kohn*, Chemistry, 1998
Eric R. Kandel*, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
Elfriede Jelinek, Literature, 2004
Bangladesh
Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank, Peace, 2006
Rabindranath Tagore, Bangladesh (then British India (Bengal), in present day West Bengal, India, with many of his works being written in what is modern Bangladesh), Literature, 1913
Amartya Sen, Economics, 1998, His ancestral home was in Wari, Dhaka in modern-day Bangladesh
Belarus
Zhores I. Alferov*, Physics, 2000
Menachem Begin*, Peace, 1978
Shimon Peres*, (then Poland), Peace, 1994
Belgium
Institute of International Law**, Peace, 1904
Auguste Beernaert, Peace, 1909
Albert Claude, Physiology and Medicine, 1974
Christian de Duve, United Kingdom, Physiology and Medicine, 1974
Corneille Heymans, Physiology and Medicine, 1938
Henri La Fontaine, Peace, 1913
Maurice Maeterlinck, Literature, 1911
Georges Pire, Peace, 1958
Ilya Prigogine, Russia, Chemistry, 1977
Médecins Sans Frontières**, Peace, 1999
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ivo Andric*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Literature, 1961
Vladimir Prelog*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Chemistry, 1975
Bulgaria
Elias Canetti*, Literature, 1981
Canada
Sidney Altman, Chemistry, 1989
Frederick G. Banting, Physiology or Medicine, 1923
Saul Bellow*, Literature, 1976
Bertram N. Brockhouse, Physics, 1994
William Giauque*, Chemistry, 1949
Gerhard Herzberg, Germany, Chemistry, 1971
David H. Hubel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
Charles B. Huggins*, Physiology or Medicine, 1966
John James Richard Macleod, Scotland, Physiology or Medicine, 1923
Rudolph Marcus*, Chemistry, 1992
Robert Mundell, Economics, 1999
Lester B. Pearson, Peace, 1957
John C. Polanyi, Germany, Chemistry, 1986
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, Peace, 1995
Myron Scholes*, Economics, 1997
Michael Smith, United Kingdom, Chemistry, 1993
Richard E. Taylor, Physics, 1990
William Vickrey*, Economic Sciences, 1996
China
Tsung-Dao Lee, Physics, 1957
Edmond H. Fischer*, Physiology or Medicine, 1992
Daniel C. Tsui*, Physics, 1998
Gao Xingjian*, Literature, 2000
Chen Ning Yang, Physics, 1957
Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976
[Chile
Gabriela Mistral, Literature, 1945
Pablo Neruda, Literature, 1971
Colombia
Gabriel GarcÃa Márquez, Literature, 1982
Costa Rica
Oscar Arias Sánchez, Peace, 1987
Croatia
Lavoslav Ruzicka*, (then part of Austria-Hungary), Chemistry, 1939
Ivo Andric*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Literature, 1961
Vladimir Prelog*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Chemistry, 1975
Czech Republic
Carl Cori*, (then Austria-Hungary), Physiology or Medicine, 1947
Gerty Cori*, (then Austria-Hungary), Physiology or Medicine, 1947
Jaroslav Heyrovský, Chemistry, 1959
Jaroslav Seifert, Literature, 1984
Bertha von Suttner*, (then Austrian Empire), Peace, 1905
[Denmark
Fredrik Bajer, Peace, 1908
Aage Bohr, Physics, 1975
Niels Henrik David Bohr, Physics, 1922
Henrik Dam, Physiology or Medicine, 1943
Johannes Fibiger, Physiology or Medicine, 1926
Niels Finsen, Physiology or Medicine, 1903
Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Literature, 1917
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Literature, 1944
Niels Kaj Jerne, United Kingdom, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
August Krogh, Physiology or Medicine, 1920
Theodor Mommsen*, (then Denmark, now Germany), Literature, 1902
Ben Mottelson, Physics, 1975
Henrik Pontoppidan, Literature, 1917
Jens Christian Skou, Chemistry, 1997
East Timor
Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, (then Portuguese Timor), Peace, 1996
José Ramos Horta, (then Portuguese Timor), Peace, 1996
Egypt
Mohamed ElBaradei, Peace, 2005
Naguib Mahfouz, Literature, 1988
Anwar Sadat, Peace, 1978
Ahmed H. Zewail, Chemistry, 1999
Finland
Ragnar Granit*, Physiology or Medicine, 1967
Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Literature, 1939
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Chemistry, 1945
France
Maurice Allais, Economics, 1988
Henri Bergson, Literature, 1927
Antoine Henri Becquerel, Physics, 1903
Léon Bourgeois, Peace, 1920
Aristide Briand, Peace, 1926
Ferdinand Buisson, Peace, 1927
Ivan Bunin, Russia, Literature, 1933
Albert Camus, Algeria, Literature, 1957
Alexis Carrel, Medicine, 1912
René Cassin, Peace, 1968
Georges Charpak, Physics, 1992
Yves Chauvin, Chemistry, 2005
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Algeria, Physics, 1997
Andre Frederic Cournand, Physiology or Medicine, 1956
Pierre Curie, Physics, 1903
Marie Curie, Poland, Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911
Jean Dausset, Physiology or Medicine, 1980
Gerard Debreu, Economics, 1983
Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, Peace, 1909
Anatole France, Literature, 1921
Roger Martin du Gard, Literature, 1937
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Physics, 1991
André Gide, Literature, 1947
Victor Grignard, Chemistry, 1912
Roger Guillemin*, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
François Jacob, Physiology or Medicine, 1965
Frédéric Joliot, Chemistry, 1935
Irène Joliot-Curie, Chemistry, 1935
Léon Jouhaux, Peace, 1951
Alfred Kastler, Physics, 1966
Alphonse Laveran, Physiology or Medicine, 1907
Jean-Marie Lehn, Chemistry, 1987
Gabriel Lippmann*, Luxembourg, Physics, 1908
André Lwoff, Physiology or Medicine, 1965
Seán MacBride*, Peace, 1974
François Mauriac, Literature, 1952
Frédéric Mistral, Literature, 1904
Henri Moissan, Chemistry, 1906
Jacques Monod, Physiology or Medicine, 1965
Louis Néel, Physics, 1970
Charles Nicolle, Physiology or Medicine, 1928
Frédéric Passy, Peace, 1901
Jean-Baptiste Perrin, Physics, 1926
Saint-John Perse, Guadeloupe, Literature, 1960
Sully Prudhomme, Literature, 1901
Louis Renault, Peace, 1907
Charles Richet, Physiology or Medicine, 1913
Romain Rolland, Literature, 1915
Paul Sabatier, Chemistry, 1912
Jean-Paul Sartre, Literature, 1964 (declined the prize)
Albert Schweitzer, Germany, Peace, 1952
Claude Simon, Madagascar, Literature, 1985
Gao Xingjian, China, Literature, 2000
Germany
Kurt Alder, Chemistry, 1950
Robert Aumann*, Economics, 2005
Adolf von Baeyer, Chemistry, 1905
J. Georg Bednorz, Physics, 1987
Emil Adolf von Behring, Physiology or Medicine, 1901
Friedrich Bergius, Chemistry, 1931
Gerd Binnig, Physics, 1986
Günter Blobel*, (lives in US), Physiology or Medicine, 1999
Konrad Bloch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1964
Heinrich Böll, Literature, 1972
Max Born* (1933-1953 in exile in Britain - became a British subject), Physics 1954
Carl Bosch, Chemistry 1931
Walther Bothe, Physics, 1954
***** Brandt, Peace, 1971
Karl Ferdinand Braun, Physics, 1909
Eduard Buchner, Chemistry, 1907
Adolf Butenandt, Chemistry, 1939
Ernst Boris Chain*, Physiology or Medicine, 1945
Hans G. Dehmelt*, Physics, 1989
Johann Deisenhofer, Chemistry, 1988
Max Delbrück*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
Otto Diels, Chemistry, 1950
Gerhard Domagk, Physiology or Medicine, 1939
Paul Ehrlich, Physiology or Medicine, 1908
Manfred Eigen, Chemistry, 1967
Albert Einstein*, Physics, 1921
Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (then Hanover), Literature, 1908
Ernst Otto Fischer, Chemistry, 1973
Hans Fischer, Chemistry, 1930
Hermann Emil Fischer, Chemistry, 1902
Werner Forssmann, Physiology or Medicine, 1956
James Franck, Physics, 1925
Karl von Frisch, (then Austria-Hungary, now Austria), Physiology or Medicine, 1973
Maria Goeppert-Mayer (*), Physics, 1963
Günter Grass, (then Free City of Danzig, now Poland), Literature, 1999
Fritz Haber, Chemistry 1918
Otto Hahn, Chemistry 1944
Theodor W. Hänsch, Physics, 2005
Gerhart Hauptmann, (then Prussia, now Poland), Literature, 1912
Werner Karl Heisenberg, Physics, 1932
Gustav Ludwig Hertz, Physics, 1925
Gerhard Herzberg*, Chemistry, 1971
Herman Hesse*, Literature, 1946
Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse, (then Prussia), Literature, 1910
Robert Huber, Chemistry, 1988
J. Hans D. Jensen, Physics, 1963
Bernard Katz*, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
Wolfgang Ketterle, Physics, 2001
Henry Kissinger*, Peace, 1973
Klaus von Klitzing, Physics, 1985
Robert Koch, Physiology or Medicine, 1905
Georges J.F. Kohler*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
Albrecht Kossel, Physiology or Medicine, 1910
Hans Adolf Krebs*, Physiology or Medicine, 1953
Herbert Kroemer*, Physics, 2000
Richard Kuhn, born in Austria Chemistry 1938
Max von Laue, Physics, 1914
Philipp Lenard, (then Austrian Empire, now Slovakia), Physics, 1905
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, Physiology or Medicine, 1964
Thomas Mann, Literature, 1929
Otto Fritz Meyerhof, Physiology or Medicine, 1922
Hartmut Michel, Chemistry, 1988
Theodor Mommsen, (then Denmark), Literature, 1902
Rudolf Mössbauer, Physics, 1961
Erwin Neher, Physiology or Medicine, 1991
Walther Nernst, Chemistry, 1920
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Physiology or Medicine, 1995
Carl von Ossietzky, Peace, 1935
Wilhelm Ostwald, today Latvia, Chemistry, 1909
Wolfgang Paul, Physics, 1989
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, (then Denmark), Physics, 1918
John Charles Polanyi*, Chemistry, 1986
Ludwig Quidde, (then Bremen), Peace, 1927
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, (then Prussia), Physics, 1903
Ernst Ruska, Physics, 1986
Nelly Sachs*, Literature, 1966
Bert Sakmann, Physiology or Medicine, 1991
Albert Schweitzer*, (now France), Peace, 1952
Reinhard Selten, Economics, 1994
Hans Spemann, Physiology or Medicine, 1935
Johannes Stark, Physics, 1919
Hermann Staudinger, Chemistry, 1953
Jack Steinberger*, Physics, 1988
Horst L. Störmer*, Physics, 1998
Gustav Stresemann, Peace, 1926
Otto Wallach, Chemistry, 1910
Otto Heinrich Warburg, Physiology or Medicine, 1931
Heinrich Otto Wieland, Chemistry, 1927
Wilhelm Wien, (then Prussia), Physics, 1911
Richard Willstätter, Chemistry, 1915
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus, Chemistry, 1928
Georg Wittig, Chemistry, 1979
Karl Ziegler, Chemistry, 1963
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, (then Austrian Empire, now Austria), Chemistry, 1925
Ghana
Kofi Annan, Peace, 2001
Greece
Odysseas Elytis, Literature, 1979
Giorgos Seferis, (then Ottoman Asia Minor, now Turkey), Literature, 1963
Guatemala
Miguel Ãngel Asturias, Literature, 1967
Rigoberta Menchú, Peace, 1992
Hungary
Philipp Lenard*, Physics, 1905
Robert Bárány*, Physiology or Medicine, 1914
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy*, Chemistry, 1925
Albert Szent-Györgyi, Physiology or Medicine, 1937
George de Hevesy, Chemistry, 1943
Georg von Békésy*, Physiology or Medicine, 1961
Eugene Wigner*, Physics, 1963
Dennis Gabor*, Physics, 1971
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek*, Physiology or Medicine, 1976
John Charles Polanyi, Chemistry, 1986
Elie Wiesel*, Peace, 1986
George Andrew Olah*, Chemistry, 1994
John Charles Harsanyi*, Economics, 1994
Imre Kertész, Literature, 2002
Avram Hershko*, Chemistry, 2004
(in Hungarian)
Iceland
Halldór Laxness, Literature, 1955
India
Further information: Nobel laureates of India
Rudyard Kipling, Literature, 1907
Rabindranath Tagore, Literature, 1913
C.V. Raman, Physics, 1930
Har Gobind Khorana, Medicine, 1968
Mother Teresa, Peace, 1979
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Physics, 1983
Amartya Kumar Sen, Economics, 1998
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, Literature, 2002
International
Amnesty International, Peace, 1977
International Atomic Energy Agency, Peace, 2005
International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Peace, 1997
International Committee of the Red Cross, Peace, 1917 and 1963
Institute of International Law, Peace, 1904
International Labour Organization, Peace, 1969
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Peace, 1985
League of Red Cross Societies, Peace, 1963
Médecins Sans Frontières, Peace, 1999
Nansen International Office for Refugees, Peace, 1938
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Peace, 1954 and 1981
Permanent International Peace Bureau, (now the International Bureau of Peace), Peace, 1910
United Nations, Peace, 2001
United Nations Children's Fund, Peace, 1965
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, Peace, 1988
Iran
Shirin Ebadi, Peace, 2003
Ireland
Samuel Beckett, Literature, 1969
Seamus Heaney, United Kingdom, Literature, 1995
Seán MacBride, France, Peace, 1974
George Bernard Shaw*, Literature, 1925
William Butler Yeats, Literature, 1923
Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton , Physics, 1951
Israel
Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Austria, Literature, 1966
Robert Aumann, Germany, Economics, 2005
Menachem Begin, Poland, Peace, 1978
Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry, 2004
Avram Hershko, Hungary, Chemistry, 2004
Daniel Kahneman*, (then British Mandate of Palestine), Economics, 2002
Shimon Peres, Poland, Peace, 1994
Yitzhak Rabin*, (then British Mandate of Palestine), Peace, 1994
Italy
Daniel Bovet, Switzerland, Physiology or Medicine, 1957
Giosuè Carducci, Literature, 1906
Grazia Deledda, Literature, 1926
Renato Dulbecco*, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
Enrico Fermi, Physics, 1938
Riccardo Giacconi*, Physics, 2002
Camillo Golgi, Physiology or Medicine, 1906
Dario Fo, Literature, 1997
Rita Levi-Montalcini*, Physiology or Medicine, 1986
Salvador Luria*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
Guglielmo Marconi, Physics, 1909
Franco Modigliani, Economics, 1985
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Peace, 1907
Eugenio Montale, Literature, 1975
Giulio Natta, Chemistry, 1963
Luigi Pirandello, Literature, 1934
Salvatore Quasimodo, Literature, 1959
Carlo Rubbia, Physics, 1984
Emilio Segrè, Physics, 1959
Japan
Leo Esaki, Physics, 1973
Kenichi Fukui, Chemistry, 1981
Yasunari Kawabata, Literature, 1968
Masatoshi Koshiba, Physics, 2002
Ryoji Noyori, Chemistry, 2001
Kenzaburo Oe, Literature, 1994
Eisaku Sato, Peace, 1974
Hideki Shirakawa, Chemistry, 2000
Koichi Tanaka, Chemistry, 2002
Shinichirou Tomonaga, Physics, 1965
Susumu Tonegawa*, Physiology or Medicine, 1987
Hideki Yukawa, Physics, 1949
Kenya
Wangari Maathai, Peace, 2004
Lithuania
CzesÅaw MiÅosz*, Literature, 1980
Mexico
Mario J. Molina*, Chemistry, 1995
Octavio Paz, Literature, 1990
Alfonso GarcÃa Robles, Peace, 1982
Myanmar
Aung San Suu Kyi, (then Burma), Peace, 1991
The Netherlands
Tobias Asser, Peace, 1911
Nicolaas Bloembergen*, Physics, 1981
Paul Crutzen, Chemistry, 1995
Peter Debye, Chemistry, 1936
Christiaan Eijkman, Physiology or Medicine, 1929
Willem Einthoven, Physiology or Medicine, 1924
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Chemistry, 1901
Gerardus 't Hooft, Physics, 1999
Tjalling Koopmans, Economy, 1975
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Physics, 1902
Simon van der Meer, Physics, 1984
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Physics, 1913
Jan Tinbergen, Economy, 1969
Nikolaas Tinbergen*, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
Martinus J.G. Veltman, Physics, 1999
Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Physics, 1910
Pieter Zeeman, Physics, 1902
Frits Zernike, Physics, 1953
New Zealand
Alan MacDiarmid*, Chemistry, 2000
Ernest Rutherford*, Chemistry, 1908
Maurice Wilkins*, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
Nigeria
Wole Soyinka, Literature, 1986
Norway
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Literature, 1903
Ragnar Frisch, Economics, 1969
Knut Hamsun, Literature, 1920
Odd Hassel, Chemistry, 1969
Trygve Haavelmo, Economics, 1989
Finn Kydland, Economics, 2004
Christian Lous Lange, Peace, 1921
Fridtjof Nansen, Peace, 1922
Sigrid Undset, Literature, 1928
Pakistan
Rudyard Kipling, Literature, 1907
Har Gobind Khorana, Medicine, 1968
Abdus Salam, Physics, 1979
Palestinian National Authority
Yasser Arafat, Peace, 1994
Poland
Menachem Begin*, (then Polish Russia, now Belarus), Peace, 1978
Georges Charpak*, (Poland-France) Physics, 1992
Marie SkÅodowska-Curie, (from Warsaw, then Polish Russia), Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911
Roald Hoffmann*, (Poland-US) Chemistry, 1981
CzesÅaw MiÅosz, Literature, 1980
Shimon Peres*, (then Poland, now Belarus), Peace, 1994
Tadeus Reichstein*, (Poland-Switzerland) Physiology or Medicine, 1950
WÅadysÅaw Reymont, (then Polish Russia), Literature, 1924
Józef Rotblat*, (then Polish Russia), Peace, 1995
Andrzej W. Schally*, (then Poland, now Lithuania), Physiology or Medicine, 1977
Henryk Sienkiewicz, (then Polish Russia), Literature, 1905
Isaac Bashevis Singer*, (then Polish Russia), Literature, 1978
WisÅawa Szymborska, Literature, 1996
Lech WaÅÄsa, Peace, 1983
Portugal
Egas Moniz, Medicine, 1949
José Saramago, Literature, 1998
Spain
Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spain, Literature, 1956
Republic of Macedonia
Romania
George E. Palade*, Physiology or Medicine, 1974
Elie Wiesel*, Peace, 1986
Russia and USSR
Alexei A. Abrikosov, Physics, 2003
Zhores I. Alferov, Physics, 2000
Nicolay G. Basov, Physics, 1964
Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky*, Literature, 1987
Ivan Bunin*, Literature, 1933
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Physics, 1958
Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank, Physics, 1958
Vitaly Ginzburg, Physics, 2003
Mikhail Gorbachev, Peace, 1990
Leonid Kantorovich, Economics, 1975
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Physics, 1978
Lev Davidovich Landau, Physics, 1962
Ilya Mechnikov, Physiology or Medicine, 1908
Boris Pasternak, Literature, 1958 (forced to decline)
Ivan Pavlov, Physiology or Medicine, 1904
Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, Physics, 1964
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, Peace, 1975
Nikolay Semenov, Chemistry, 1956
Michail Sholokhov, Literature, 1965
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Literature, 1970
Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, Physics, 1958
Serbia
Ivo Andric*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Literature, 1961
Slovenia
Friderik Pregl*, Chemistry, 1923
St Lucia
Sir Arthur Lewis*, Economics, 1979
Derek Walcott, Literature, 1992
South Africa
Sydney Brenner*, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
J. M. Coetzee, Literature, 2003
Allan M. Cormack*, Physiology or Medicine, 1979
F.W. de Clerk, Peace, 1993
Nadine Gordimer, Literature, 1991
Albert Lutuli, Peace, 1960
Nelson Mandela, Peace, 1993
Max Theiler, Physiology or Medicine, 1951
Desmond Tutu, Peace, 1984
South Korea
Kim Daejung, Peace, 2000
Spain
Vicente Aleixandre, Literature, 1977
Jacinto Benavente, Literature, 1922
Camilo José Cela, Literature, 1989
José Echegaray, Literature, 1904
Severo Ochoa, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
Juan Ramón Jiménez, Literature, 1956
Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Physiology or Medicine, 1906
Sweden
Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Peace, 1908
Sune Bergström, Physiology or Medicine, 1982
Hjalmar Branting, Peace, 1921
Arvid Carlsson, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
Ulf von Euler, Physiology or Medicine, 1970 (son of 1929 Nobel Chemistry laureate Hans von Euler-Chelpin).
Ragnar Granit, Finland, Physiology or Medicine, 1967
Dag Hammarskjöld, Peace, 1961 (posthumously)
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam, Literature, 1916
Eyvind Johnson, Literature, 1974
Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Literature, 1931
Pär Lagerkvist, Literature, 1951
Selma Lagerlöf, Literature, 1909
Harry Martinson, Literature, 1974
Alva Myrdal, Peace, 1982
Nelly Sachs, Germany, Literature, 1966
Bengt I. Samuelsson, Physiology or Medicine, 1982
Nathan Söderblom, Peace, 1930
Torsten Wiesel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
Switzerland
Werner Arber, Physiology or Medicine, 1978
Felix Bloch, Physics, 1952
Daniel Bovet*, Physiology or Medicine, 1957
Ãlie Ducommun (for the International Office for Peace), Peace, 1902
Henry Dunant, Peace, 1901
Albert Einstein, Germany, Physics, 1921
Richard Ernst, Chemistry, 1991
Edmond H. Fischer, China, Physiology or Medicine, 1992
Charles Albert Gobat (for the International Office for Peace), Peace, 1902
Charles Edouard Guillaume, Physics, 1920
Walter Rudolf Hess, Physiology or Medicine, 1949
Herman Hesse, Germany, Literature, 1946
Paul Karrer, Chemistry, 1937
Theodor Kocher, Physiology or Medicine, 1909
Georges J.F. Kohler, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
Karl Alexander Müller, Physics, 1987
Paul H. Müller, Physiology or Medicine, 1948
Vladimir Prelog, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Chemistry, 1975
Tadeus Reichstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1950
Heinrich Rohrer, Physics, 1986
Leopold Ruzicka, Chemistry, 1939
Carl Spitteler, Literature, 1919
Alfred Werner, Chemistry, 1913
Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Physiology or Medicine, 1996
Kurt Wüthrich, Chemistry, 2002
Taiwan
Yuan T. Lee, Chemistry, 1986
Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976
Tibet
Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama, Peace, 1989
Trinidad and Tobago
Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul*, Literature, 2001
Turkey
Orhan Pamuk, Literature, 2006
Ukraine
Shmuel Yosef Agnon*, (then Austria-Hungary, now Ukraine), Literature, 1966
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, Physiology or Medicine, 1932
Norman Angell, Peace, 1933
Edward Victor Appleton, Physics, 1947
Francis William Aston, Chemistry, 1922
Charles Glover Barkla, Physics, 1917
Derek Harold Richard Barton, Chemisry, 1969
James W. Black, Physiology or Medicine, 1988
Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, Physics, 1948
Max Born, Germany, Physics, 1954
William Henry Bragg, Physics, 1915
William Lawrence Bragg, Australia, Physics, 1915
Sydney Brenner, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
John Boyd Orr, Peace, 1949
Elias Canetti, Bulgaria, Literature, 1981
Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, Peace, 1937
James Chadwick, Physics, 1935
Ernst Boris Chain, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1945
Austen Chamberlain, Peace, 1925
Winston Churchill, Literature, 1953
Ronald Coase, Economics, 1991
John Cockcroft, Physics, 1951
John Cornforth, Australia, Chemistry, 1975
Mairead Corrigan, Peace, 1976
William Randal Cremer, Peace, 1903
Francis Crick, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
Henry Hallett Dale, Physiology or Medicine, 1936
Paul Dirac, Physics, 1933
Christian de Duve*, Physiology or Medicine, 1974
T. S. Eliot, United States of America, Literature, 1948
Alexander Fleming, Physiology or Medicine, 1945
Dennis Gabor, Hungary, Physics, 1971
John Galsworthy, Literature, 1932
William Golding, Literature, 1983
Clive W. J. Granger*, Economics, 2003
Arthur Harden, Chemistry, 1929
Norman Haworth, Chemistry, 1937
Friedrich Hayek, Austria, Economics 1974
Seamus Heaney*, Literature, 1995
Arthur Henderson, Peace, 1934
Antony Hewish, Physics, 1974
John Hicks, Economics, 1972
Archibald Hill, Physiology or Medicine, 1922
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Chemistry, 1956
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Physiology or Medicine, 1963
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Chemistry, 1964
Frederick Hopkins, Physiology or Medicine, 1929
Godfrey Hounsfield, Physiology or Medicine, 1979
John Hume, Peace, 1998
Tim Hunt, Physiology or Medicine, 2001
Andrew Huxley, Physiology or Medicine, 1963
Niels Kaj Jerne*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
Brian David Josephson, Physics, 1973
Bernard Katz, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
John Kendrew, Chemistry, 1962
Rudyard Kipling, India, Literature, 1907
Aaron Klug, Lithuania, Chemistry, 1982
Hans Adolf Krebs, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1953
Harold Kroto, Chemistry, 1996
Anthony J. Leggett*, Physics, 2003
Arthur Lewis, St Lucia, Economics, 1979
John James Richard Macleod*, Physiology or Medicine, 1923
Peter Mansfield, Physiology or Medicine, 2003
Archer John Porter Martin, Chemistry, 1952
James Meade, Economics, 1977
Peter Medawar, Brazil, Physiology or Medicine, 1960
César Milstein, Argentina, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
James A. Mirrlees, Economics, 1996
Peter D. Mitchell, Chemistry, 1978
Nevill Francis Mott, Physics, 1977
Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, Trinidad and Tobago, Literature, 2001
Philip Noel-Baker, Peace, 1959
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, Chemistry, 1967
Paul Nurse, Physiology or Medicine, 2001
Max Perutz, Austria, Chemistry, 1962
Harold Pinter, Literature, 2005
John Pople, Chemistry, 1998
George Porter, Chemistry, 1967
Rodney Robert Porter, Physiology or Medicine, 1972
Cecil Frank Powell, Physics, 1950
William Ramsay, Chemistry, 1904
Owen Willans Richardson, Physics, 1928
Richard J. Roberts, Physiology or Medicine, 1993
Robert Robinson, Chemistry, 1947
Ronald Ross, Physiology or Medicine, 1902
Joseph Rotblat, Poland, Peace, 1995
Bertrand Russell, Literature, 1950
Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand, Chemistry, 1908
Martin Ryle, Physics, 1946
Frederick Sanger, Chemistry, 1958 and 1980
George Bernard Shaw, Ireland, Literature, 1925
Charles Scott Sherrington, Physiology or Medicine, 1932
Richard Laurence Millington Synge, Chemistry, 1952
Michael Smith*, Chemistry, 1993
Frederick Soddy, Chemistry, 1921
Richard Stone, Economics, 1984
John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Physics, 1904
John E. Sulston, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
George Paget Thomson, Physics, 1937
Joseph John Thomson, Physics, 1906
Nikolaas Tinbergen, the Netherlands, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
David Trimble, Peace, 1998
Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Chemistry, 1957
John Robert Vane, Physiology or Medicine, 1982
John E. Walker, Chemistry, 1997
Patrick White*, Literature, 1973
Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
Geoffrey Wilkinson, Chemistry, 1973
Betty Williams, Peace, 1976
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Physics, 1927
Amnesty International**, Peace, 1977
Friends Service Council**, Peace, 1947
United States of America
Jane Addams, Peace, 1931
Luis Alvarez, Physics, 1968
Sidney Altman, Canada, Chemistry, 1989
American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers), Peace, 1947
Carl Anderson, Physics, 1936
Philip Anderson, Physics, 1977
Richard Axel, Physiology or Medicine, 2004
Julius Axelrod, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
Emily G. Balch, Peace, 1946
David Baltimore, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
George Beadle, Physiology or Medicine, 1958
Georg von Békésy, Hungary, Physiology or Medicine, 1961
Saul Bellow, Canada, Literature, 1976
Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuela, Physiology or Medicine, 1980
J. Michael Bishop, Physiology or Medicine, 1989
Günter Blobel, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1999
Nicolaas Bloembergen, the Netherlands, Physics, 1981
Baruch S. Blumberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1976
Norman Borlaug, Peace, 1970
Sydney Brenner, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
Joseph Brodsky, Russia, Literature, 1987
Michael S. Brown, Physiology or Medicine, 1985
Linda B. Buck, Physiology or Medicine, 2004
Pearl S. Buck, Literature, 1938
Ralph J. Bunche, Peace, 1950
Nicholas M. Butler, Peace, 1931
Jimmy Carter, Peace, 2002
Thomas R. Cech, Chemistry, 1989
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, India, Physics, 1983
Steven Chu, Physics, 1997
Stanley Cohen, Physiology or Medicine, 1986
Carl Cori, Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1947
Gerty Cori, Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1947
Allan M. Cormack, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 1979
Eric A. Cornell, Physics, 2001
Raymond Davis Jr., Physics, 2002
Charles G. Dawes, Peace, 1925
Hans G. Dehmelt, Germany, Physics, 1989
Max Delbrück, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
Renato Dulbecco, Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
Gerald Edelman, Physiology or Medicine, 1972
Gertrude B. Elion, Physiology or Medicine, 1988
T. S. Eliot*, Literature, 1948
William Faulkner, Literature, 1949
Richard P. Feynman, Physics, 1965
Edmond H. Fischer, China, Physiology or Medicine, 1992
William A. Fowler, Physics, 1983
Jerome I. Friedman, Physics, 1990
Milton Friedman, Economics, 1976
Robert F. Furchgott, Physiology or Medicine, 1998
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, Physiology or Medicine, 1976
Murray Gell-Mann, Physics, 1969
Riccardo Giacconi, Italy, Physics, 2002
William Giauque, Canada, Chemistry, 1949
Alfred G. Gilman, Physiology or Medicine, 1994
Roy J. Glauber, Physics, 2005
Joseph L. Goldstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1985
Paul Greengard, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
David J. Gross, Physics, 2004
Roger Guillemin, France, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
John L. Hall, Physics, 2005
John Charles Harsanyi, Hungary, Economics, 1994
Haldan Keffer Hartline, Physiology or Medicine, 1967
Leland H. Hartwell, Physiology or Medicine, 2001
Ernest Hemingway, Literature, 1954
Philip S. Hench, Physiology or Medicine, 1950
Alfred Hershey, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
George H. Hitchings, Physiology or Medicine, 1988
Robert W. Holley, Physiology or Medicine, 1968
H. Robert Horvitz, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
David H. Hubel, Canada, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
Charles B. Huggins, Canada, Physiology or Medicine, 1966
Cordell Hull, Peace, 1945
Russell A. Hulse, Physics, 1993
Louis J. Ignarro, Physiology or Medicine, 1998
Daniel Kahneman, Israel, Economics, 2002
Eric R. Kandel, Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
Frank B. Kellogg, Peace, 1929
Edward C. Kendall, Physiology or Medicine, 1950
Henry W. Kendall, Physics, 1990
Har Gobind Khorana, India Physiology or Medicine, 1968
Jack Kilby, Physics, 2000
Martin Luther King, Jr., Peace, 1964
Henry Kissinger, Germany, Peace, 1973
Walter Kohn, Austria, Chemistry, 1998
Arthur Kornberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
Roger D. Kornberg, Chemistry, 2006
Edwin G. Krebs, Physiology or Medicine, 1992
Herbert Kroemer, Germany, Physics, 2000
Robert B. Laughlin, Physics, 1998
Paul C. Lauterbur, Physiology or Medicine, 2003
Joshua Lederberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1958
Leon M. Lederman, Physics, 1998
David M. Lee, Physics, 1996
Anthony J. Leggett, England, Physics, 2003
Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1986
Edward B. Lewis, Physiology or Medicine, 1995
Salvador Luria, Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand, Chemistry, 2000
Barbara McClintock, Physiology or Medicine, 1983
Rudolph Marcus, Canada, Chemistry, 1989
George C. Marshall, Peace, 1953
John C. Mather, Physics, 2006
CzesÅaw MiÅosz, Poland, Literature, 1980
Toni Morrison, Literature, 1993
John R. Mott, Peace, 1946
Ferid Murad, Physiology or Medicine, 1998
Joseph E. Murray, Physiology or Medicine, 1990
John Forbes Nash, Economics, 1994
Daniel Nathans, Physiology or Medicine, 1978
George Andrew Olah, Hungary, Chemistry, 1994
Eugene O'Neill, Literature, 1936
Marshall Warren Nirenberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1968
Severo Ochoa, Spain, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
Douglas D. Osheroff, Physics, 1996
George E. Palade, Romania, Physiology or Medicine, 1974
Linus C. Pauling, Chemistry, 1954 & Peace, 1962
Martin L. Perl, Physics, 1995
William D. Phillips, Physics, 1997
H. David Politzer, Physics, 2004
Stanley B. Prusiner, Physiology or Medicine, 1997
Norman F. Ramsey, Physics, 1989
Frederick Reines, Physics, 1995
Robert C. Richardson, Physics, 1996
Martin Rodbell, Physiology or Medicine, 1994
Richard J. Roberts, United Kingdom, Physiology or Medicine, 1993
Theodore Roosevelt, Peace, 1906
Elihu Root, Peace, 1912
Francis Peyton Rous, Physiology or Medicine, 1966
Andrzej W. Schally, Poland, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
Thomas Schelling, Economics, 2005
Myron Scholes, Canada, Economics, 1997
Theodore Schultz, Economics, 1979
Melvin Schwartz, Physics, 1988
Julian Schwinger, Physics, 1965
Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Chemistry, 1951
Phillip A. Sharp, Physiology or Medicine, 1993
Clifford G. Shull, Physics, 1994
Isaac Bashevis Singer, Poland, Literature, 1978
Hamilton O. Smith, Physiology or Medicine, 1978
George F. Smoot, Physics, 2006
George D. Snell, Physiology or Medicine, 1980
Roger W. Sperry, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
John Steinbeck, Literature, 1962
Jack Steinberger, Germany, Physics, 1988
Horst L. Störmer, Germany, Physics, 1998
Earl W. Sutherland Jr., Physiology or Medicine, 1971
Edward Tatum, Physiology or Medicine, 1958
Joseph H. Taylor Jr., Physics, 1993
Howard Martin Temin, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
E. Donnall Thomas, Physiology or Medicine, 1990
Susumu Tonegawa, Japan, Physiology or Medicine, 1987
Daniel C. Tsui, China, Physics, 1998
Harold E. Varmus, Physiology or Medicine, 1989
William Vickrey, Canada, Economics, 1996
George Wald, Physiology or Medicine, 1967
James D. Watson, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
Carl E. Wieman, Physics, 2001
Eric F. Wieschaus, Physiology or Medicine, 1995
Elie Wiesel, Romania, Peace, 1986
Torsten Wiesel, Sweden, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
Eugene Wigner, Hungary, Physics, 1963
Frank Wilczek, Physics, 2004
Jody Williams, Peace, 1997
Kenneth G. Wilson, Physics, 1982
Woodrow Wilson, Peace, 1919
Rosalyn Yalow, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
Vietnam
Le Duc Tho, Peace, 1973 (declined)
Venezuela
Baruj Benacerraf*, Physiology or Medicine, 1980
Yugoslavia
Ivo AndriÄ, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Literature, 1961
2006-10-30 04:14:53 · answer #4 · answered by Tranquillizer 1 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 2006-1901
2006
The prize is being awarded jointly to:
JOHN C. MATHER and GEORGE C. SMOOT for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation
2005
The prize is being awarded with one half to:
ROY J. GLAUBER for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence
and one half jointly to
JOHN L. HALL and THEODOR W. HÃNSCH for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique
2004
The prize is being awarded jointly to:
DAVID J. GROSS, H. DAVID POLITZER and FRANK WILCZEK for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction
2003
The prize is being awarded jointly to:
ALEXEI A. ABRIKOSOV, VITALY L. GINZBURG and ANTHONY J. LEGGETT for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids
2002
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to:
RAYMOND DAVIS JR., and MASATOSHI KOSHIBA for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos
and the other half to:
RICCARDO GIACCONI for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources
2001
The prize is being awarded jointly to:
ERIC A. CORNELL, WOLFGANG KETTERLE and CARL E. WIEMAN for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.
2000
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to:
ZHORES I. ALFEROV, and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics
and
and one half to:
JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit.
1999
The prize was awarded jointly to:
GERARDUS 'T HOOFT, and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics.
1998
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN, HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.
1997
The prize was awarded jointly to:
STEVEN CHU, CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.
1996
The prize was awarded jointly to:
DAVID M. LEE, DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.
1995
The prize was awarded for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, with one half to:
MARTIN L. PERL for the discovery of the tau lepton.
and the other half to:
FREDERICK REINES for the detection of the neutrino.
1994
The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter to:
BERTRAM N. BROCKHOUSE for the development of neutron spectroscopy
CLIFFORD G. SHULL for the development of the neutron diffraction technique.
1993
The prize was awarded jointly to:
RUSSELL A. HULSE and JOSEPH H. TAYLOR JR. for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.
1992
GEORGES CHARPAK for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber.
1991
PIERRE-GILLES DE GENNES for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers.
1990
The prize was awarded jointly to:
JEROME I. FRIEDMAN, HENRY W. KENDALL and RICHARD E. TAYLOR for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.
1989
One half of the award was given to:
NORMAN F. RAMSEY for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks.
and the other half jointly to:
HANS G. DEHMELT and WOLFGANG PAUL for the development of the ion trap technique.
1988
The prize was awarded jointly to:
LEON M. LEDERMAN, MELVIN SCHWARTZ and JACK STEINBERGER for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.
1987
The prize was awarded jointly to:
J. GEORG BEDNORZ and K. ALEXANDER MÃLLER for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials.
1986
The prize was awarded by one half to:
ERNST RUSKA for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope.
GERD BINNIG and HEINRICH ROHRER for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope.
1985
KLAUS VON KLITZING for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect.
1984
The prize was awarded jointly to:
CARLO RUBBIA and SIMON VAN DER MEER for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction.
1983
The prize was divided equally between:
SUBRAMANYAN CHANDRASEKHAR for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars.
WILLIAM A. FOWLER for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe.
1982
KENNETH G. WILSON for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions.
1981
The prize was awarded by one half jointly to:
NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN and ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy
and the other half to:
KAI M. SIEGBAHN for his contribution to the development of high- resolution electron spectroscopy.
1980
The prize was divided equally between:
JAMES W. CRONIN and VAL L. FITCH for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons.
1979
The prize was divided equally between:
SHELDON L. GLASHOW, ABDUS SALAM and STEVEN WEINBERG for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current.
1978
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
PYOTR LEONIDOVICH KAPITSA for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics
and the other half divided equally between:
ARNO A. PENZIAS and ROBERT W. WILSON for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
1977
The prize was divided equally between:
PHILIP W. ANDERSON, SIR NEVILL F. MOTT and JOHN H. VAN VLECK for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems.
1976
The prize was divided equally between:
BURTON RICHTER and SAMUEL C. C. TING for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind.
1975
The prize was awarded jointly to:
AAGE BOHR, BEN MOTTELSON and JAMES RAINWATER for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection.
1974
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR MARTIN RYLE and ANTONY HEWISH for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.
1973
The prize was divided, one half being equally shared between:
LEO ESAKI and IVAR GIAEVER , for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively,
and the other half to
BRIAN D. JOSEPHSON for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects.
1972
The prize was awarded jointly to:
JOHN BARDEEN, LEON N. COOPER and J. ROBERT SCHRIEFFER for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory.
1971
DENNIS GABOR for his invention and development of the holographic method.
1970
The prize was divided equally between:
HANNES ALFVÃN for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics
LOUIS NÃEL for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics.
1969
MURRAY GELL-MANN for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
1968
LUIS W. ALVAREZ for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis.
1967
HANS ALBRECHT BETHE for his contributions to the theory ofnuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars.
1966
ALFRED KASTLER for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying hertzian resonances in atoms.
1965
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIN-ITIRO TOMONAGA, JULIAN SCHWINGER and RICHARD P. FEYNMAN for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.
1964
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
CHARLES H. TOWNES
the other half jointly to:
NICOLAY GENNADIYEVICH BASOV and ALEKSANDR MIKHAILOVICH PROKHOROV for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle.
1963
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
EUGENE P. WIGNER for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles
and the other half jointly to:
MARIA GOEPPERT-MAYER and J. HANS D. JENSEN for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure.
1962
LEV DAVIDOVICH LANDAU for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium.
1961
The prize was divided equally between:
ROBERT HOFSTADTER for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the stucture of the nucleons
RUDOLF LUDWIG MÃSSBAUER for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name.
1960
DONALD A. GLASER for the invention of the bubble chamber.
1959
The prize was awarded jointly to:
EMILIO GINO SEGRÃ and OWEN CHAMBERLAIN for their discovery of the antiproton.
1958
The prize was awarded jointly to:
PAVEL ALEKSEYEVICH CHERENKOV , IL'JA MIKHAILOVICH FRANK and IGOR YEVGENYEVICH TAMM for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect.
1957
The prize was awarded jointly to:
CHEN NING YANG and TSUNG-DAO LEE for their penetratinginvestigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary partic les.
1956
The prize was awarded jointly, one third each, to:
WILLIAM SHOCKLEY, JOHN BARDEEN and WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect.
1955
The prize was divided equally between:
WILLIS EUGENE LAMB for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum
POLYKARP KUSCH for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron.
1954
The prize was divided equally between:
MAX BORN for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction
WALTHER BOTHE for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith.
1953
FRITS (FREDERIK) ZERNIKE for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope.
1952
The prize was awarded jointly to:
FELIX BLOCH and EDWARD MILLS PURCELL for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith.
1951
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR JOHN DOUGLAS COCKCROFT and ERNEST THOMAS SINTON WALTON for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially acce lerated atomic particles.
1950
CECIL FRANK POWELL for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method.
1949
HIDEKI YUKAWA for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces.
1948
LORD PATRICK MAYNARD STUART BLACKETT for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation.
1947
SIR EDWARD VICTOR APPLETON for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer.
1946
PERCY WILLIAMS BRIDGMAN for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics.
1945
WOLFGANG PAULI for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle.
1944
ISIDOR ISAAC RABI for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.
1943
OTTO STERN for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton.
1942-1940
The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.
1939
ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artifi cial radioactive elements.
1938
ENRICO FERMI for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons.
1937
The prize was awarded jointly to:
CLINTON JOSEPH DAVISSON and SIR GEORGE PAGET THOMSON for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals.
1936
The prize was divided equally between:
VICTOR FRANZ HESS for his discovery of cosmic radiation
CARL DAVID ANDERSON for his discovery of the positron.
1935
SIR JAMES CHADWICK for the discovery of the neutron.
1934
The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.
1933
The prize was awarded jointly to
ERWIN SCHRÃDINGER and PAUL ADRIEN MAURICE DIRAC for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.
1932
WERNER HEISENBERG for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen.
1931
The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.
1930
SIR CHANDRASEKHARA VENKATA RAMAN for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.
1929
PRINCE LOUIS-VICTOR DE BROGLIE for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons.
1928
SIR OWEN WILLANS RICHARDSON for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him.
1927
The prize was divided equally between:
ARTHUR HOLLY COMPTON for his discovery of the effect named after him
CHARLES THOMSON REES WILSON for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour.
1926
JEAN BAPTISTE PERRIN for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium.
1925
The prize was awarded jointly to:
JAMES FRANCK and GUSTAV HERTZ for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom.
1924
KARL MANNE GEORG SIEGBAHN for his discoveries and researchin the field of X-ray spectroscopy.
1923
ROBERT ANDREWS MILLIKAN for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect.
1922
NIELS BOHR for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them.
1921
ALBERT EINSTEIN for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
1920
CHARLES EDOUARD GUILLAUME in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.
1919
JOHANNES STARK for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.
1918
MAX KARL ERNST LUDWIG PLANCK in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta.
1917
CHARLES GLOVER BARKLA for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements.
1916
The prize money for 1916 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1915
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG and SIR WILLIAM LAWRENCE BRAGG for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.
1914
MAX VON LAUE for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
1913
HEIKE KAMERLINGH-ONNES for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia to the production of liquid helium.
1912
NILS GUSTAF DALÃN for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys.
1911
WILHELM WIEN for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat.
1910
JOHANNES DIDERIK VAN DER WAALS for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids.
1909
The prize was awarded jointly to:
GUGLIELMO MARCONI and CARL FERDINAND BRAUN in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy.
1908
GABRIEL LIPPMANN for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference.
1907
ALBERT ABRAHAM MICHELSON for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid.
1906
SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases.
1905
PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON LENARD for his work on cathode rays.
1904
LORD JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT RAYLEIGH for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies.
1903
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:
ANTOINE HENRI BECQUEREL in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity
the other half jointly to:
PIERRE CURIE and MARIE CURIE, née SKLODOWSKA in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.
1902
The prize was awarded jointly to:
HENDRIK ANTOON LORENTZ and PIETER ZEEMAN in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena.
1901
WILHELM CONRAD RÃNTGEN in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him.
are you sure you want them all and their departments?
2006-10-30 04:10:08 · answer #5 · answered by ~brigit~ 5 · 0⤊ 0⤋