how does wavelength effect the amount of incoming and outgoing radiation for a star and a planet?

Answer 1

There is no constant answer to this question, and it is an excellent one for that. Each star emits energy in many wavelengths, depending on the elements the stars contain, and these wavelengths are reflected or absorbed by any planetary bodies that get in the way. Each star is different, and each planet is different, in that respect, as well. The longer the wavelength the less energy is involved for a given amplitude of the wave (red light is less energetic than violet light, for example). So to properly answer the question there are a multiplicity of variables to consider. However, you might get enough information from knowing just that the red end of the spectrum (the long wavelengths) are less energetic than the violet end (the short wavelengths). Typically, the red end of the spectrum is more penetrating than is the violet end when it comes to atmospheres of planets and stars, for a given energy output.

Answer 2

A planet is cooler than the star it orbits,so it absorbs short-wavelength radiation and re-radiates it at longer wavelengths.