In chemistry, how do you work out the angles between atoms in organic molecules?

Question

For example, in ethanol. How can i work out the angles between the atoms?

Answer 1

Visualize...simple

OK we take your example. Etanol you say. Which carbon atom? Let us say alpha right?

It has four groups: one alcohol, one CH3(alkyl we used to say perhaps...) and 2 hydrogen.

What would a basic atom look like? (Ch4)....Tetrahedral! Inside a box with opposite diagnols on opposite face being vertices of that box. OK!

Now replace one of them with OH

OH is big (O is) than H.... So on that side it will open up more....figure why.

Now put CH3


It will also open up. opening up of angles will cause strain. So That means high energy. But Energy inversely prop to stability.


So most of the atoms at low energy would have CH3 and OH on relatively oppo side (Here none exists, all are approachiable in same way some diiscussion is down the drain)

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Suffix to say......VISUALIZE, apply basic fundamentals thats all!


And decide what you want to take base= 3d, linear, etc.



There are other ways to to decide which to take. If have specific problem mail me.

Answer 2

There is no working out ..they are measures by sophisticated X-ray diffraction processes.

Some can be calculated eg the angle between 2 hydrogen atoms in methane (CH4) is the same as the angle between the lperpendiculars from the vertices of a tetrahedron to the opposite sides .namely 109° 28' 16" (nearest second) This is also the angle between the the two hydrogen atoms in water (should be less but hydrogen bonding causes it to settle to this)

Complications normally arise from unattached electron pairs in the outer configuration of the atom forcing the angle to close somewhat.

Answer 3

4. The bond angles for the formidable-confronted C in CH3CH2CH2 + could be predicted to be approximately: E) one hundred twenty° 5. enlargement of the valence shell to attend to better than 8 electrons is conceivable with: D) Sulfur 6. that's the main efficient acid? A) CH3CH2CH2CH2CHFCO2H 8. What could be the spatial affiliation of the atoms of the ozone molecule (O3)? B) Angular 10. The bond perspective for the C-percentbonds in (C6H5)3P could be predicted to be approximately: C) 109° 12. Which compound might you assume to have the utmost melting factor? D) tert-Butyl alcohol 13. What could be the spatial affiliation (shape) of the atoms of the methyl anion, :CH3-? E) Trigonal pyramidal sixteen. a team of acids arranged so as of reducing acidity is: HNO3 > CH3COOH > C6H5OH > H2O > HC?CH what's the affiliation of the conjugate bases of those compounds in reducing order of basicity? D) HC?C– > OH– > C6H5O– > CH3COO– > NO3– 17. in line with VSEPR concept, which of right here might have a trigonal planar shape? E) CH3+ 18. Which of the acids under might have the main efficient conjugate base? A) CH3CH2OH pKa = 18 23. Acetic acid dissociates maximum thoroughly in: C) H2O 24. Which of right here species shows resonance stabilization? B) O3 30. An oxygen-containing compound shows stable IR absorption at 1630-1780 cm-a million and 3200-3550 cm-a million. What type of compound is it in all likelihood to be? B) A carboxylic acid 32. what's the approximate hybridization state of the oxygen molecule in ethanol, C2H5OH? C) sp3 34. Of right here solvents which one does no longer have a 0 dipole 2d? C) Diethyl ether

Answer 4

Are you referring to the covalent bond ?