What are some of the famous mathematicians and their contribution?

Question

I am doing this for my class and i would love to learn a little bit of things about famous mathmaticians and their contributions.

Answer 1

Évariste Galois (1811 – 1832) was a French mathematician born in Bourg-la-Reine. While still in his teens, he was able to determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial to be solvable by radicals, thereby solving a long-standing problem. His work laid the fundamental foundations for Galois theory, a major branch of abstract algebra, and the subfield of Galois connections. He was the first to use the word "group" (French: groupe) as a technical term in mathematics to represent a group of permutations.

He also spent time in prison for threatening the king of france, and protesting the monarchy. Galois died in a duel with a friend of his at the age of twenty, most likely over a woman. The night before the duel he stayed up writing a letter to another mathematician further expressing his theories. Shot in the abdomen during the duel, he died the next day after refusing the offer of last rites from a priest. His final words to his brother were:

Don't cry, Alfred! I need all my courage to die at twenty.

Answer 2

The 17th-century mathematician Pierre de Fermat's Last Theorem is one of the most famous theorems in the history of mathematics. It states that:

It is impossible to separate any power higher than the second into two like powers,
or, using more formal mathematical notation:

If an integer n is greater than 2, then an + bn = cn has no solutions in non-zero integers a, b, and c.

Despite how closely the problem is related to the Pythagorean theorem, which has infinite solutions and hundreds of proofs, Fermat's subtle variation is much more difficult to prove. Still, the problem itself is easily understood even by schoolchildren, making it all the more frustrating and generating perhaps more incorrect proofs than any other problem in the history of mathematics.

Answer 3

alive:
M. Gromov (invented J-holomorphic curves that revolutinized symplectic topology),
Y. Sinai (probabilist, invented statistical mechanics)
A. Wiles (solved Fermat's last conjecture)
Witten (theoretical physicist, who created the Seiberg-Witten invariants and revolutionized the study of 4-manifolds).
G. Perelman (geometer, who recently solve Poincare's conjecture)
J. Milnor (invented differential topology)