what factors(and explanation) that make any difference in velocity of reaction?

Question

what factors(and explanation) that make any difference in velocity of reaction?

Answer 1

We must first remember that Velocity (or Rate) of Reaction is the fraction of reactant removed or product formed per unit of time.

There are several factors that affect the rate of reaction:

1) Temperature: Conducting a reaction at a higher temperature puts more energy into the system and increases the reaction rate. The influence of temperature is described by the Arrhenius equation, whose result is factored into the equation by k. As a rule of thumb, the reaction rate doubles for every 10 degrees Celsius increase in temperature.

2) Concentration: As reactant concentration increases, the frequency of collision increases and so therefore does the frequency of collisions having sufficient energy to cause reaction.

3) Pressure: The rate of gaseous reactions usually increases with an increase in pressure. Increase in pressure in fact is equivalent to an increase in concentration of the gas.

4)Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy. It may affect the rate or even cause a reaction. For example when methane reacts with chlorine in the dark, the reaction rate is very low. It can be sped up when the mixture is put under diffused light. In bright sunlight, the reaction is explosive.
5) Order: The order of the reaction has a major effect on its rate. The order of a reaction is found experimentally, and, for most basic reactions, is an integer value.

6) Catalyst: The presence of a catalyst increases the reaction rate in both the forward and reverse reactions by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.

7) The complexity of the reaction: If a reaction involves the breaking and reforming of bonds (complex) compared to just the forming of bonds (simple) then it generally takes longer. The reactants position in the reactivity series also affects reaction rate.

8) Surface Area: In reactions on surfaces, which take place during heterogeneous catalysis, the rate of reaction increases as the surface area does. This is because the more surface area you have, the more reactant you are able to react at any given time. The larger the surface area compared to the volume, the faster a reaction can take place, as more simultaneous reactions can occur.

Hope it helps!

Good luck!

Answer 2

there are many factors that contribute to affecting the rate or velocity of the reaction.they include:

temperature: here in some chemical reactions, that is exothermic reactions, increasing the temperature and thus the heat of the system will lead to and increase in the reactant components rather than the product of the reactant.

pressure: this works mainly for gasses, but can work also for other phases. and increase in pressure will favour the side of the reaction with more moles. for example.
2A + 1B ---> 3C, the increase in pressure will favour the left side or if u want to call it the product side

concentration:
increase in concentration also affects the reaction rate too. the higher the concentration of the reactants, the faster and more vigorous they react to produce, their product.

catalyst:
this is perhaps the easiest to conceptualise. a catalyst is sort of like an energy boost. when added to t reaction it alters the energy reaquirement of the reaction , making it to form product at a fast rate. pls, note that only the positive catalyst do this. there are negative catalyst like poison that do the opposite of the positive catalyst.

taking out the products or reactants also affect the rate of reaction.

the key is that, what ever u do to the reaction system, it will try and compensate for it, so if u remove heat or product or concentration or pressure or catalyst, the reaction systems will act eaither fast or slow to accomodate ur actions on it.


hope this helps


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