what are differences among positive or negative reinforcers and positive or negative punishers?

Answer 1

bob h: Why do you say there is no such thing as positive punishment?

Punishment can be broken up into positive and negative punishment. And we are not talking about it in a good/bad sense but as in if something is added or taken away.

So positive punishment would be spanking as you suggested. As the spanking was added after the occurence of the behaviour where as negative punishment would be taking away a child's toy or pocket money as that has been removed.

Answer 2

Positive reinforcement is being rewarded for a behavior, ex: After the kid cleans the room, praise the kid. Do this every time till He automatically does it.

Negative reinforcement is having something negative removed after performing a behavior. ex: Have a headache? Take 2 aspirin. A little later, headache gone. If it keeps working, you will take an aspirin every time you get a headache

Punishment is a negative consequence to negative behavior. Johnny "repaints" various areas of the walls. Johnny gets sent to bed without supper, or maybe spanked. Lesson learned? Who really knows for sure? Most likely lesson is , "Don't Get Caught"

There is no such thingt as positive punishment.

A psychologist named B.F. Skinner developed these theories after experimentation. The resulting therapy from this is called Behavioral Psychology.

Answer 3

Positive reinforcement I give you a cookie
Negative reinforcment I take away a toy
Positive punishment You can come out of the corner now
Negative punishment Spanking/time out etc..