Has anyone can explain some words for me?

Question

Capacity
Different of digital / analogue
Sampling
Codeing (compression)
E.M.waves (frequency spectra)
Bandwidth
Polarization

thanks a lot

Answer 1

1. Definitions of capacity on the Web:
* ability to perform or produce
* capability: the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment; "the capability of a metal to be fused"
* the amount that can be contained; "the gas tank has a capacity of 12 gallons"
* the maximum production possible; "the plant is working at 80 per cent capacity"
* a specified function; "he was employed in the capacity of director"; "he should be retained in his present capacity at a higher salary"
* (computer science) the amount of information (in bytes) that can be stored on a disk drive; "the capacity of a hard disk drive is usually expressed in megabytes"
* capacitance: an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored
* the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior
* tolerance for alcohol; "he had drunk beyond his capacity"
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
* Capacity is a legal term that refers to the ability of persons to enter into contracts.
* The amount of capital available to an insurance company or to the industry as a whole for underwriting general insurance coverage or coverage for specific perils.
* This word is used in names of quantities which express the relative amount of some quantity with respect to a another quantity upon which it depends. For example, heat capacity is dU/dT, where U is the internal energy and T is the temperature. Electrical capacity, or capacitance is another example: C = |dQ/dV|, where Q is the magnitude of charge on each capacitor plate and V is the potential diference between the plates.
* 1. The maximum hourly rate at which persons or vehicles can reasonably be expected to traverse a point or uniform section of a lane or roadway during a given time period under prevailing roadway, traffic, and control conditions. {HDM-Ch5A 2003}
* A combination of all the strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.
www.adrc.or.jp/publications/terminology/top.htm
* Having legal authority or mental ability. Being of sound mind.
proudfootlaw.com/glossary.html
* The maximum power that a machine such as an electrical generator or a system such as a transmission line can safely produce or handle.
* The amount a container holds.
* The maximum information carrying ability of a communications facility or system.
* the ability of a borrower to repay a debt. It is determined by subtracting total expenses from the total income of the borrower.
* The ability of a soil or other solid to exchange cations (positive ions such as calcium) with a liquid.
* The largest amount of insurance or reinsurance available from an insurance company.
* An expression of the quantity of an undesirable material which can be removed by a water conditioner between cleaning regeneration or replacement, as determined under standard test conditions. For ion exchange water softeners, the capacity is expressed in grains of hardness removal between successive regenerations and is related to the pound of salt used in regeneration. For filters, the capacity may be expressed in the length of time or total gallons delivered between servicing.
* The maximum resource that can be assigned (allocated) to or be serviced by a center. For example, the capacity of a school is the number of students that can be enrolled there.
* The amount of information, measured in bytes that can be stored on a hard drive. Also known as storage capacity.
* The output or producing ability of a piece of cooling or heating equipment. Cooling and heating capacities are referred to on BTUs.
* an assessment of your ability and willingness to repay a loan from anticipated future cash flow or other sources.
* (ca·pac·i·ty) (k[schwa]-pas¢[ibreve]-te) [L. capacitas, from capere to take] 1. power or ability to hold, retain, or contain, or the ability to absorb. 2. the volume or potential volume of material (solid, liquid, or gas) that can be held or contained. 3. capacitance. 4. mental ability to receive, accomplish, endure, or understand.
* The ability of a heating or cooling system to heat or cool a given amount of space. For heating, this is usually expressed in BTU's. For cooling, it is usually given in tons.
classicairinc.com/ClassicAir/HvacTerms.htm
* An insurer’s (or reinsurer’s) top limit on the amount of coverage it has available. The term may also refer to the total available in the respective insurance or reinsurance market.
* (365) A measure of the volume of a container.
* the ability for a network to provide sufficient transmitting capabilities among its available transmission media, and respond to customer demand for communications transport, especially at peak times.
* The rated continuous load-carrying ability, expressed in megawatts (MW) or megavolt-amperes (MVA) of generation, transmission, or other electrical equipment. For generating plants, capacity is typically differentiated into "Baseload Capacity" (a capacity factor above 60 percent); "Intermediate Capacity" (a capacity factor of 20 to 60 percent); and "Peaking Capacity" (a capacity factor of less than 20 percent).
* The information-carrying ability of a telecommunications system, as defined by its design (number of fibers, system length, and optoelectronic equipment) and its deployed equipment (amount of optoelectronics in the station) and measured in bits per second. Capacity is sold in discrete units, usually system interface levels such as DS-3s and STM-1s, that in the aggregate are the equivalent of total system capacity.
* is the ability to understand and take in information, weigh up the relative pros and cons and reach a sensible decision about the issue.
* The amount of space inside a container provided for a given amount of product.

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2. Different of digital / analogue
In analog technology, a wave is recorded or used in its original form. So, for example, in an analog tape recorder, a signal is taken straight from the microphone and laid onto tape. The wave from the microphone is an analog wave, and therefore the wave on the tape is analog as well. That wave on the tape can be read, amplified and sent to a speaker to produce the sound.

In digital technology, the analog wave is sampled at some interval, and then turned into numbers that are stored in the digital device. On a CD, the sampling rate is 44,000 samples per second. So on a CD, there are 44,000 numbers stored per second of music. To hear the music, the numbers are turned into a voltage wave that approximates the original wave.

The two big advantages of digital technology are:
* The recording does not degrade over time. As long as the numbers can be read, you will always get exactly the same wave.
* Groups of numbers can often be compressed by finding patterns in them. It is also easy to use special computers called digital signal processors (DSPs) to process and modify streams of numbers (see How CDs Work for a more detailed explanation).
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3. Sampling
Definitions of Sampling on the Web:
* This is the digital process by which analog information is measured, often millions of times per second, in order to convert analog to digital.
* The process of encoding an analog signal in digital form by reading (sampling) its level at precisely spaced intervals of time. See sample, sampling rate.
* The first step in the process of converting an analog signal into a digital representation. This is accomplished by measuring the value of the analog signal at regular intervals called samples. These values are then encoded to provide a digital representation of the analog signal.
* The process of converting analog data into digital data by taking a series of samples or readings at equal time intervals.
* The process during which analog audio is converted into digital information. The sampling rate of an audio stream specifies the interval at which all samples are captured.
* The removal of a portion of a material for examination or analysis.
* An advertiser can buy a button in a relevant environment that links through to a product description and e-form that can be completed and submitted in order to receive the free product sample. Clients can include questions on the e-form for database collection and follow up with a questionnaire to the samplers at a later date.
* digitizing a waveform by measuring its amplitude fluctuations at some precisely timed intervals. The accuracy of the measurements is a function of the bit resolution.
* Converting analog information into a digital representation by measuring the value of the analog signal at regular intervals, called samples, and encoding these numerical values in digital form. Sampling is often based on specified quantization levels. Sampling may also be used to adjust for differences between different digital systems (see resampling and subsampling).
* the probabilistic, systematic, or judgmental selection of a sub-element from a larger population, with the aim of approximating a representative picture of the whole.
farahsouth.cgu.edu/dictionary/
* Should the Buyer require the goods to be sampled, such sampling shall unless otherwise agreed be effected by the Buyer at the Seller's factory or store before despatch of the goods to the Buyer. The Seller shall not be responsible for the quality of goods after despatch thereof to the Buyer. Sampling shall be performed in accordance with the methods agreed to by the Seller. ...
* A way to obtain information about a large group by examining a smaller, randomly chosen selection (the sample) of group members. If the sampling is conducted correctly, the results will be representative of the group as a whole.
* removing and/or examining a portion of an entire set (ie, examining three leaves per plant on 20 plants in a 10–acre field).
* The selection of a number of study subjects from a defined study population.
* The use of a predetermined, finite number of observations to project the characteristics of a larger population.
* is a procedure used to choose subjects for research. Ideally, the participants chosen should be representative of the population being studied. (see Selecting Human Participants for Research) Example: If you are studying the behavior of gifted children, your sample should be drawn exclusively from this group.
* the collection of a contained amount of chemical or biological (CB) materials sufficient for the purposes of presumptive, confirmatory or unambiguous identification of a CB agent.
* Consists of digitally recording acoustic, synthesized, or previously recorded sounds for the purpose of electronically manipulating them (eg, changing pitch, changing timbre, looping them, etc.); in acid jazz, entire musical phrases from old albums are often sampled then resynthesized as the basis for new recordings.
* The process of drawing or selecting product units from a lot.
* The taking of readings from a single data source. In basic CCD imaging theory, for delivered optical system information not to be lost, the resolution of imaging CCD pixels must be at least twice as precise as the delivered resolution of the optical system (eg, for appropriate sampling, a telescope delivering a PSF with an FWHM of 2 arcseconds calls for a CCD with pixels having a one-arcsecond FOV.) Less than this level of precision is termed undersampling. ...
* The conversion of a portion of an input signal into a number of discrete electrical values for the purpose of storage, processing and/or display by an oscilloscope. Two types: real-time sampling and equivalenttime sampling.
* The practice of choosing a subset of population elements to study instead of the entire population. In general, we sample because (a) it's cheaper; (b) in some cases the population is theoretically infinite. There are two basic kinds of sampling: probability and non-probability.
* Technique or method that measures part of a population to determine the full number.
* A technique for choosing a group of individuals from a larger population of people such that the group is representative of the population on some designated characteristics.
* The sample tables provide the ability to historically sample data without requiring the additional overhead of polling. At key periods, a network management station can collect the samples needed. This method allows the manager to perform the collection of data at times that will least affect the active network traffic.
community.roxen.com/developers/idocs/rfc/rfc3202.html
* (statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study
* sample distribution: items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
* measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form)
* In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording. This is typically done with a sampler, which can be a piece of hardware or a computer program on a digital computer as in digital sampling. Sampling is also possible with tape loops or with vinyl records on a phonograph.
* Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference. In particular, results from probability theory and statistical theory are employed to guide practice.
* In information theory, sampling is the process of converting a continuous signal into a discrete signal.
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4. Code compression
As computers are increasingly used in contexts where the amount of available memory is limited, it becomes important to devise techniques that reduce the memory footprint of application programs while leaving them in an executable form. This paper describes an approach to applying data compression techniques to reduce the size of infrequently executed portions of a program. The compressed code is decompressed dynamically (via software) if needed, prior to execution. The use of data compression techniques increases the amount of code size reduction that can be achieved; their application to infrequently executed code limits the runtime overhead due to dynamic decompression; and the use of software decompression renders the approach generally applicable, without requiring specialized hardware. The code size reductions obtained depend on the threshold used to determine what code is "infrequently executed" and hence should be compressed: for low thresholds, we see size reductions of 13.7% to 18.8%, on average, for a set of embedded applications, without excessive runtime overhead.
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5. E.M.waves (frequency spectra) Bandwidth
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation. Also, the "electromagnetic spectrum" (usually just spectrum) of an object is the range of electromagnetic radiation that it emits, reflects, or transmits. The electromagnetic spectrum, shown in the chart, extends from just below the frequencies used for modern radio (at the long-wavelength end) to gamma radiation (at the short-wavelength end), covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometres down to fractions of the size of an atom. It is commonly said that EM waves beyond these limits are uncommon, although this is not actually true. The 22-year sunspot cycle, for instance, produces radiation with a period of 22 years, or a frequency of 1.4*10-9 Hz. At the other extreme, photons of arbitrarily high frequency may be produced by colliding electrons with positrons at appropriate energy. 1024 Hz photons can be produced today with man-made accelerators. In our universe the short wavelength limit is likely to be the Planck length, and the long wavelength limit is the size of the universe itself (see physical cosmology), though in principle the spectrum is infinite.
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6. Bandwidth
Bandwidth is a measure of frequency range and is typically measured in hertz. Bandwidth is a central concept in many fields, including information theory, radio communications, signal processing, and spectroscopy. Bandwidth is related to channel capacity for information transmission and is often confused with it. In particular, in common usage "bandwidth" also refers to data (information) transmission rates when communicating over certain media or devices.
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7. Polarization
In electrodynamics, polarization (also spelled polarisation) is the property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the direction of their transverse electric field. More generally, the polarization of a transverse wave describes the direction of oscillation in the plane perpendicular to the direction of travel. Longitudinal waves such as sound waves do not exhibit polarization, because for these waves the direction of oscillation is along the direction of travel.

Answer 2

ca‧pac‧i‧ty  /kəˈpæsɪti/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[kuh-pas-i-tee] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation noun, plural -ties, adjective

–noun 1. the ability to receive or contain: This hotel has a large capacity.
2. the maximum amount or number that can be received or contained; cubic contents; volume: The inn is filled to capacity. The gasoline tank has a capacity of 20 gallons.
3. power of receiving impressions, knowledge, etc.; mental ability: the capacity to learn calculus.
4. actual or potential ability to perform, yield, or withstand: He has a capacity for hard work. The capacity of the oil well was 150 barrels a day. She has the capacity to go two days without sleep.
5. quality or state of being susceptible to a given treatment or action: Steel has a high capacity to withstand pressure.
6. position; function; role: He served in the capacity of legal adviser.
7. legal qualification.
8. Electricity. a. capacitance.
b. maximum possible output.

–adjective 9. reaching maximum capacity: a capacity audience; a capacity crowd


difference between analogue and Digital is there frequancy waves. Digital waves run over the ground equally and more compact, analogue signals are more wide spread and not so equal (hence why some people cant get channel 5)

sam‧pling  /ˈsæmplɪŋ, ˈsɑm-/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[sam-pling, sahm-] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation

–noun 1. the act or process of selecting a sample for testing, analyzing, etc.
2. the sample so selected.

Answer 3

Capacity
1 : legal competency or fitness
2 a : the potential or suitability for holding, storing, or accommodating b : the maximum amount or number that can be contained or accommodated -- see METRIC SYSTEM table, WEIGHT table
3 a : an individual's mental or physical ability : APTITUDE, SKILL b : the faculty or potential for treating, experiencing, or appreciating
4 : DUTY, POSITION, ROLE
5 : the facility or power to produce, perform, or deploy : CAPABILITY ; also : maximum output
6 a : CAPACITANCE b : the quantity of electricity that a battery can deliver under specified conditions

Different of digital / analogue
1 : of or relating to the fingers or toes
2 : done with a finger
3 : of, relating to, or using calculation by numerical methods or by discrete units
4 : of, relating to, or being data in the form of especially binary digits ; especially : of, relating to, or employing digital communications signals -- compare ANALOG 2
5 : providing a readout in numerical digits
6 : relating to an audio recording method in which sound waves are represented digitally (as on magnetic tape) so that in the recording wow and flutter are eliminated and background noise is reduced
7 : ELECTRONIC ; also : characterized by electronic and especially computerized technology

analogue
1 : something that is analogous or similar to something else
2 : an organ or part similar in function to an organ or part of another animal or plant but different in structure and origin
3 usually analog : a chemical compound that is structurally similar to another but differs slightly in composition (as in the replacement of one atom by an atom of a different element or in the presence of a particular functional group)
4 : a food product made by combining a less expensive food (as soybeans or whitefish) with additives to give the appearance and taste of a more expensive food (as beef or crab)

Sampling
1 : to take a sample of or from; especially : to judge the quality of by a sample : TEST
2 : to use a segment of (another's musical recording) as part of one's own recording
Codeing (compression)

E.M.waves (frequency spectra)
: one of the waves that are propagated by simultaneous periodic variations of electric and magnetic field intensity and that include radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays

Bandwidth
1 : a range within a band of wavelengths, frequencies, or energies; especially : a range of radio frequencies which is occupied by a modulated carrier wave, which is assigned to a service, or over which a device can operate
2 : the capacity for data transfer of an electronic communications system ; especially : the maximum data transfer rate of such a system

Polarization
1 : the action of polarizing or state of being or becoming polarized : as a (1) : the action or process of affecting radiation and especially light so that the vibrations of the wave assume a definite form (2) : the state of radiation affected by this process b : an increase in the resistance of an electrolytic cell often caused by the deposition of gas on one or both electrodes c : MAGNETIZATION
2 a : division into two opposites b : concentration about opposing extremes of groups or interests formerly ranged on a continuum

Answer 4

As far as I know, coding sometimes is also called crypting. It is a technique, which is used to store or transfer data in a compressed form to save storage space in the memory disk, which only a machine/computer can comprehend. The idea is very much the same as that of a shorthand.

Answer 5

Hot means - More than usual temperature capacity. More appealing than regular Over done like a hotdog In style, popular

Answer 6

Too much to explain...refer a science dictionary / encylopedia

Answer 7

so lazy, look up a physics dictionary