How was the International Space Station built?

Answer 1

In the early 1980s, NASA planned Space Station Freedom as a counterpart to the Soviet Salyut and Mir space stations. It never left the drawing board, and with the end of the Soviet Union and the Cold War it was cancelled. The end of the Space race prompted the U.S. administration to start negotiations with international partners, Europe, Russia, Japan and Canada in the early 1990s, in order to build a truly international space station. This project was first announced in 1993 and was called Space Station Alpha. It was planned to combine the proposed space stations of all participating space agencies: NASA's Space Station Freedom, Russia's Mir-2 (the never-assembled successor to the Mir space station, the core of which is now ISS Zvezda) and ESA's Columbus Laboratory Module that was planned to be a stand-alone spacelab.

Throughout the 1990s, construction delays hit the project, budget projections were heavily revised and the ISS structure was modified frequently. The ISS has been, as of today, far more expensive than originally anticipated. The ESA estimates the overall cost from the start of the project in the late 1980s to the prospective end in 2016 to be in the region of €100 billion.[4]
Zarya module as seen from STS-88 (NASA). STS-88 delivered the Unity module, the second module of the ISS.
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Zarya module as seen from STS-88 (NASA). STS-88 delivered the Unity module, the second module of the ISS.

The first section, the Zarya Functional Cargo Block, was put in orbit in November 1998 on a Russian Proton rocket. Two further pieces (the Unity Module and Zvezda service module) were added before the first crew, Expedition 1, was sent. Expedition 1 docked to the ISS on November 2, 2000, and consisted of U.S. astronaut William Shepherd and two Russian cosmonauts, Yuri Gidzenko, and Sergei Krikalev.

ISS construction began on November 20, 1998, and is now far behind the original planned schedule for completion in 2004 or 2005. This is mainly due to the halting of all NASA Shuttle flights following the Columbia disaster in early 2003 (although there had been prior delays due partly to Shuttle problems, and partly to delays stemming from the Russian space agency's budget constraints). For the two and a half years that the NASA Space Shuttle fleet was grounded, crew rotation continued on the station through the use of the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, but construction of the ISS was halted and the science conducted aboard was limited due to the crew size of two.
Columbia lifting off on its final mission.
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Columbia lifting off on its final mission.

The reappearance of the foam debris problem on the STS-114 mission in July 2005 (the same problem that doomed Columbia) again delayed the launch sequence in 2005. As of 2006, the station is only able to accommodate three permanent crew members, compared to the expected six that the completed station will be home to.

In March 2006, a meeting of the heads of the five participating space agencies accepted the new ISS construction schedule that plans to complete the ISS by 2010.[5] A crew of six is expected to be established in 2009, after the Shuttle's next 12 construction flights following the second Return to Flight mission STS-121. Requirements for stepping up the crew size include enhanced environmental support on the ISS, a second Soyuz permanently docked on the station to function as a second 'lifeboat', more frequent Progress flights to provide double the amount of consumables, more fuel for orbit raising maneuvers, and a sufficient supply line of experimental equipment.

Answer 2

The International Space Station is the largest and most complex international scientific project in history. The International Space Station was built with the following steps:

1.Construction began with the launch of the U.S.-owned, Russian-built Zarya control module on November 20, 1998, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakstan.

2.The Space Shuttle Endeavour launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 4, 1998. It carried the U.S.-built Unity connecting module. Unity and Zarya were connected by Endeavour’s crew during a 12-day mission to begin the International Space Station’s orbital construction.

3.In June 1999 with Discovery made the third ISS mission, supplying the two modules with tools and cranes. This was followed in May of 2000, by the Shuttle Endeavor, whose crew performed maintenance tasks and delivered supplies in preparation for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module.

4.The Russian-provided crew living quarters, Zvevda (Russian for Star) arrived on July 25, 2000, becoming the third major component of the International Space Station.

5.In September of that same year, the shuttle Atlantis visited the International Space Station to deliver more supplies and prepare Zvezda for the International Space Station’s first permanent crew.

6.October saw the historic 100th shuttle mission, as Discovery delivered the Z1 Truss, Pressurized Mating Adapter 3 and four Control Moment Gyros.

7.Finally, on November 2nd, Expedition One, the first crew arrived to take their places aboard the International Space Station. The final shuttle mission, The Endeavour’s five-member crew installed a set of solar arrays.

8.In February, 2001 Atlantis and her crew deliver the US Destiny Laboratory Module, as well as moving the Pressurized Mating Adapter 2 from the end of Unity to the end of Destiny for future shuttle mission use. Since then, there have been several other crews manning the International Space Station.

9.Additional modules installed include 2 Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules Leonardo and Raffaello, the International Space Station’s robot arm, called the Space Station Remote Manipulator, the International Space Station’s joint airlock, and finally, the Russian Docking Compartment, known as Pirs (Russian for pier).

10.On Sept. 9, 2006, the STS-115 crew delivered and installed the second port truss segment, the P3/P4 Truss, to the P1 Truss. Solar arrays and a radiator were also deployed.

11. Construction continues on this international project which is expected to be completed by 2010. When assembly is complete, the ISS will have a pressurized volume of approximately 1,000 cubic meters, a mass of approximately 400,000 kilograms, approximately 100 kilowatts of power output, a truss 108.4 meters long, modules 74 meters long, and a crew of six.
up to seven for stays of between three and six months. Crew return vehicles will always be attached to the International Space Station to ensure the safe return of all crewmembers in the event of an emergency.

The mission of the International Space Station is to "enable long-term exploration of space and provide benefits to people on Earth." The International Space Station will create a permanent orbiting science institute in space, for long-duration research in the materials and life sciences areas in a nearly gravity-free environment. Medical research will also be conducted aboard the International Space Station.

The completed International Space Station will have a mass of about 1,040,000 pounds. It will measure 356 feet across and 290 feet long, with almost an acre of solar panels to provide electrical power to six state-of-the-art laboratories.

The station will be in an orbit with an altitude of 250 statute miles with an inclination of 51.6 degrees. This orbit allows the station to be reached by the launch vehicles of all the international partners to provide a robust capability for the delivery of crews and supplies.♥

Answer 3

How Was The Iss Built

Answer 4

the russians sent a section up as did the US. then the two components did a 'rendevous and docking'. then a crew entered for a bit and got it powered up and so it goes on. russians send another one as do the US those bits are connected,new crews arrive and so on. why don't you check out the nasa site

Answer 5

All the pieces were taken up by the space shuttle. Then the astronauts got out their duct tape.

Answer 6

Over budget, over the deadline and very carefully.
The former NASA administrator's motto: Faster, Better, Cheaper. The NASA employee's motto: Faster, Better, Cheaper...pick two.