How was the universe created?

Answer 1

one h*llava big bang

Answer 2

Minuteblue's answer is wrong. First, our universe did indeed start with a Big Bang, but you have to understand quantum physics to appreciate why such events occur. Second, the Big Bang was indeed the "beginning of time," insofar as we are referring to the sort of time we measure nowadays.

A tautology is a statement that defines a thing or a condition as itself. A is A. An apple is an apple. The law is the law. Tautologies are always true, but they tend to be statements that make you want to say, "Yeah, well DUH. So what?" with great sarcasm.

There's only one exception: existence exists. The reason this tautology is an exception has to do with the exclusive nature of existence. Existence has no alternative. Usually, A is A does not mean that there's no such thing as a B. But this time, IT DOES!

There are, in fact, no submarines that have never been built. There are, in fact, no babies who have never been conceived. The IDEAS about such might-have-beens exist as IDEAS, but not as things. Existence exists by reason of default: it has no alternative.

Existence does not merely entail energy. Existence IS energy, in one form or another. For example, it is incorrect to say that gravitational potential energy exists because masses are separated; rather, space (i.e., separation) exists because gravitational potential energy does.

But our universe is not explained by the self-sufficiency of existence. The universe is somewhat more than bare existence: it is existence plus a certain amount of order, and this order requires additional explanation.

What is the state of bare existence? Presumably, it's a random distribution of energy in random flux. At least, that is the conclusion to which the uncertainty principle naturally leads the mind. The thing about randomness is that it does not preclude order. It only makes ordered outcomes very rare because there are many more ways to be disordered than ordered. But, once in a while, a tossed stack of pennies lands in a stack, all face up, and a universe is born.

Or, rather, enough vacuum fluctuations occur near each other and in constructive superposition that their energy sum causes an event horizon to form around them. The energy then falls out of whatever region it was in and enters a black hole of its own making.

That's how universes are born.

When it happened to our universe, the energy was all wound up, but because that event horizon (the beginning of time) was in the way, it could not disperse thermodynamically back into the place it had come from. So, to achieve a more relaxed state, some of the energy transformed into matter (leptons and quarks) and motion of matter and potential energy to carry the forces between the particles of matter.

We evolved to perceive the potential energy as space. We evolved to perceive changes in energy as time (with the past being toward the low entropy side of events, and with the future being toward the high entropy side).

This initial rush of events, collectively, is what we call the Big Bang. And that's how the universe was created. You thought there had to be a conscious deity? Not only is that implausible from an information theory standpoint, it only leads to a question that, as far as I know, has no sensible answer: "What created God?"

Explaining the universe with the God theory is like explaining that the Earth is "held up" on the back of a turtle. What's the turtle standing on?

Answer 3

Let me just add a few things about the God and the 'Big Bang' Theory. If you would have taken the time to think about it, both "theories" can be correct. For example, God's way of creating the universe was through the 'Big Bang'. I'm both religious and scientific, I need proof to believe most things. Humans are all scientific in a way, if we can't prove it, we have a hard time believing it. So, to whoever said that the whole God thing is a rip, and science is right about EVERYTHING, you're being VERY cocky.

Answer 4

The collision of matter and anti-matter forming the Horrendous Kablooie. Did you know some scientist are trying to recreat the big bang?

New experiments being carried out at a particle accelerator called the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) could have unthinkable consequences. There, and at other such places, scientists are attempting to recreate the big bang - the event that formed the universe. Some predict that they could cause a black hole which would consume the Earth, others that it could turn Earth into a planet of 'strange' matter, leaving it with no substance, and another possibility is that an explosion would be released from the lab with infinite energy.

Answer 5

The theory of the "Big Bang" is often attributed with the creation of the unniverse, but this is a misconception.

First of all, the big bang wasn't an explosion and it didn't make a bang. The big bang refers to the popping up of the universe as we know it and the expansion of it. It did not explode out from a single pinpointable place like a supernova does.

Second, the big bang shouldn't be thought of as time 0 of the universe. It's not the beginning but a point in time at which we have chosen to start as that is when some significant event happened. It's very possible there were going ons in a place elsewhere befor that.

Answer 6

Carefully

Answer 7

Christians will tell you GOD created it but the real answer is a big supernova happened.While it was happening it pulled asteroids and all the debris it could into it then exploded.Thats why they call it the big bang

Answer 8

God lit the fuse and KaBoom! The Universe was born.

Answer 9

'By impulse to be created and intending it into existence.

Answer 10

The term universe has a variety of meanings, based on the context in which it is used. In strictly physical terms, the total universe is the summation of all matter that exists and the space in which all events occur or could occur. The part of the universe that can be seen or otherwise observed to have occurred is usually called the known universe, observable universe, or visible universe. Because cosmic inflation removes vast parts of the total universe from our observable horizon, most cosmologists accept that it is impossible to observe the whole continuum and may use the expression our universe, referring to only that which is knowable by human beings in particular. In cosmological terms, the universe is thought to be a finite or infinite space-time continuum in which all matter and energy exist. Some scientists hypothesize that the universe may be part of a system of many other universes, known as the multiverse.

The most important result of physical cosmology, the understanding that the universe is expanding, is derived from redshift observations and quantified by Hubble's Law. Extrapolating this expansion back in time, one approaches a gravitational singularity, a rather abstract mathematical concept, which may or may not correspond to reality. This gives rise to the Big Bang theory, the dominant model in cosmology today. The age of the universe from the time of the Big Bang, according to current information provided by NASA's WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe), is estimated to be about 13.7 billion (13.7 × 109) years, with a margin of error of about 1 % (± 200 million years). Other methods of estimating the age of the universe give different ages with a range from 11 billion to 20 billion. Most of the estimates cluster in the 13-15 billion year range.

A fundamental aspect of the Big Bang can be seen today in the observation that the farther away from us galaxies are, the faster they move away from us. It can also be seen in the cosmic microwave background radiation which is the much-attenuated radiation that originated soon after the Big Bang. This background radiation is remarkably uniform in all directions, which cosmologists have attempted to explain by an early period of inflationary expansion following the Big Bang.

In the 1977 book The First Three Minutes, Nobel Prize-winner Steven Weinberg laid out the physics of what happened just moments after the Big Bang. As with most things in physics, that certainly wasn't the end of the story, as attested by the update and reissue of The First Three Minutes in 1993.

Pre-matter soup:
Until recently, the first hundredth of a second was a bit of a mystery, leaving Weinberg and others unable to describe exactly what the universe would have been like. New experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Brookhaven National Laboratory have provided physicists with a glimpse through this curtain of high energy, so they can directly observe the sorts of behavior that might have been taking place in this time frame.

At these energies, the quarks that comprise protons and neutrons were not yet joined together, and a dense, superhot mix of quarks and gluons, with some electrons thrown in, was all that could exist in the microseconds before it cooled enough to form into the sort of matter particles we observe today.

First galaxies:
Fast forwarding to after the existence of matter, more information is coming in on the formation of galaxies. It is believed that the earliest galaxies were tiny "dwarf galaxies" that released so much radiation they stripped gas atoms of their electrons. This gas, in turn, heated up and expanded, and thus was able to obtain the mass needed to form the larger galaxies that we know today.

Current telescopes are just now beginning to have the capacity to observe the galaxies from this distant time. Studying the light from quasars, they observe how it passes through the intervening gas clouds. The ionization of these gas clouds is determined by the number of nearby bright galaxies, and if such galaxies are spread around, the ionization level should be constant. It turns out that in galaxies from the period after cosmic reionization there are large fluctuations in this ionization level. The evidence seems to confirm the pre-ionization galaxies were less common and that the post-ionization galaxies have 100 times the mass of the dwarf galaxies.

The next generation of telescopes should be able to see the dwarf galaxies directly, which will help resolve the problem that many astronomical predictions in galaxy formation theory predict more nearby small galaxies.

Size of the universe and observable universe
Main article: Observable universe
There is disagreement over whether the universe is indeed finite or infinite in spatial extent.

However, the observable universe, consisting of all locations that could have affected us since the Big Bang given the finite speed of light, is certainly finite. The edge of the cosmic light horizon is 15.8 billion light years distant.[4] The present distance (comoving distance) to the edge of the observable universe is larger, due to the ever increasing rate at which the universe has been expanding; it is estimated to be about 78 billion light years[5] (7.8 × 1010 light years, or 7.4 × 1026 m). This would make the volume, of the known universe, equal to 1.9 × 1033 cubic light years (assuming this region is perfectly spherical). As of 2006, the observable universe is thought to contain about 7 × 1022 stars, organized in about 100 billion (1011) galaxies, which themselves form clusters and superclusters. The number of galaxies may be even larger, based on the Hubble Deep Field observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope discovered galaxies such as Abell 1835 IR1916, which are over 13 billion light years from Earth.

Both popular and professional research articles in cosmology often use the term "universe" when they really mean "observable universe". This is because unobservable physical phenomena are scientifically irrelevant; that is, they cannot affect any events that we can perceive. See also Causality (physics).


Shape of the universe:
Main articles: Shape of the universe and Large-scale structure of the cosmos
An important open question of cosmology is the shape of the universe. Mathematically, which 3-manifold represents best the spatial part of the universe?

Firstly, whether the universe is spatially flat, i.e. whether the rules of Euclidean geometry are valid on the largest scales, is unknown. Currently, most cosmologists believe that the observable universe is very nearly spatially flat, with local wrinkles where massive objects distort spacetime, just as the surface of a lake is nearly flat. This opinion was strengthened by the latest data from WMAP, looking at "acoustic oscillations" in the cosmic microwave background radiation temperature variations.

Secondly, whether the universe is multiply connected, is unknown. The universe has no spatial boundary according to the standard Big Bang model, but nevertheless may be spatially finite ( compact). This can be understood using a two-dimensional analogy: the surface of a sphere has no edge, but nonetheless has a finite area. It is a two-dimensional surface with constant curvature in a third dimension. The 3-sphere is a three-dimensional equivalent in which all three dimensions are constantly curved in a fourth.

If the universe is indeed spatially finite, as described, then traveling in a "straight" line, in any given direction, would theoretically cause one to eventually arrive back at the starting point.

Strictly speaking, we should call the stars and galaxies "views" of stars and galaxies, since it is possible that the universe is multiply-connected and sufficiently small (and of an appropriate, perhaps complex, shape) that we can see once or several times around it in various, and perhaps all, directions. (Think of a house of mirrors.) If so, the actual number of physically distinct stars and galaxies would be smaller than currently accounted. Although this possibility has not been ruled out, the results of the latest cosmic microwave background research make this appear very unlikely.


Fate of the universe

Depending on the average density of matter and energy in the universe, it will either keep on expanding forever or it will be gravitationally slowed down and will eventually collapse back on itself in a "Big Crunch". Currently the evidence suggests not only that there is insufficient mass/energy to cause a recollapse, but that the expansion of the universe seems to be accelerating and will accelerate for eternity . Other ideas of the fate of our universe include the Big Rip, the Big Freeze, and Heat death of the universe theory. For a more detailed discussion of other theories, see the ultimate fate of the universe.

Multiverse:

There is some speculation that multiple universes exist in a higher-level multiverse (also known as a megaverse), our universe being one of those universes. For example, matter that falls into a black hole in our universe could emerge as a Big Bang, starting another universe. However, all such ideas are currently untestable and cannot be regarded as anything more than speculation. The concept of parallel universes is understood only when related to string theory. String theorist Michio Kaku offered several explanations to possible parallel universe phenomena.