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Concord is the first official town in the interior of the Massachusetts Bay Colony .The first White settlers arrived here in 1635.Simon Willard, a land and fur-trade investor, and two Puritan ministers, Peter Bulkeley and John Jones,(the first settlers of Concorde) played key roles.They purchased a six-mile square from the native population. The selected the site probably because of an existing trail intersection, proximity to Boston and Cambridge, friendly native community, three rivers, warmth on the east-west ridge, dammable brook, good soils of former crop fields, and, especially, river-meadow hay to sustain livestock through the winter. The natives and settlers trade and peacefully coexist. But in King Philip's War of 1675 racial hatred erupts. Concord is spared the destruction and increasingly becomes a regional center. The town expands westward and northward.However,unlike other colonisation sites the settlers did not adopt the practice of seasonal migration.This put an ecological pressure on the land. Livestock spreads widely, grazing down the limited forage of the forest. Firewood demands for huge inefficient home-fireplaces clean out the understory. The forest is perforated and pushed back for wood products. Pitch pines and sprouting oaks declined, while maples, birch, beeches, red oaks, and white pines spread. Edge species and weeds from Europe explode across Concord. Local game and fish populations drop, and have no chance to rebound. Beaver doubtless disappears. Deer, turkey, wapiti (elk), moose, and wolf become locally rare or extinct.Some structures dated 1650's, (Thomas Dane House (47 Lexington Rd.), Edward Bulkeley House (92 Sudbury Rd.) and Parkman Tavern (20 Powder Mill Rd.).and two rooms of the Old Block House (now at 57 Lowell Rd.) which had been the home of Rev. John Jones, a town founder and resident from 1635 to 1644.still exist in the town.
Committees of Correspondence
A committee of correspondence was a body organized by the local governments of the American colonies for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colony. These served an important role in the American Revolution and the years leading up to it, disseminating the colonial interpretation of British actions between the colonies and to foreign governments. The committees of correspondence rallied opposition on common causes and established plans for collective action, and so the network of committees was the beginning of what later became a formal political union among the colonies.
The earliest committees of correspondence were formed temporarily to address a particular problem. Once a resolution was achieved, they were disbanded. The first formal committee was established in Boston in 1764, to rally opposition to the Currency Act and unpopular reforms imposed on the customs service.
During the Stamp Act Crisis the following year, New York formed a committee to urge common resistance among its neighbors to the new taxes. The Massachusetts Bay Colony correspondents responded by urging other colonies to send delegates to the Stamp Act Congress that fall.
In Massachusetts in 1772, Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren formed a committee to protest the recent British decision to have the salaries of the royal governor and judges be paid by the Crown rather than the colonial assembly, which removed the colony of its means of controlling public officials. In the following months, more than 100 other committees were formed in the towns and villages of Massachusetts. Soon the committees were being used in every other colony.
Prompted in part by Rhode Island's Gaspee Affair, in March of 1773 Dabney Carr proposed the formation of a permanent Committee of Correspondence before the Virginia House of Burgesses. Virginia's own committee was formed on March 12, 1773 and consisted of Peyton Randolph, Robert Carter Nicholas, Richard Bland, Richard Henry Lee, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Pendleton, Patrick Henry, Dudley Digges, Dabney Carr, Archibald Carey, and Thomas Jefferson.
These permanent committees performed the important planning necessary for the First Continental Congress, which convened in September of 1774. The Second Congress created its own committee of correspondence to communicate the American interpretation of events to foreign nations
Radicals and moderates [relating to first continental congress
The Continental Congress is the label given to three successive bodies of representatives of the inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies in 18th century British North America:
The First Continental Congress met from September 5, 1774, to October 26, 1774.
The Intolerable Acts by Britan helped to unite the colonies in their resistance to the British. The other American colonies united in sympathy with Massachusetts. Virginia set aside a day of prayer and fasting and proposed that the colonies meet. This led to the calling of the First Continental Congress in September 1774. Delegates from every colony but Georgia met in secret at the Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin had proposed such a meeting a year earlier, but after the Port of Boston was closed the momentum for such a meeting grew rapidly. The goal of the Congress was to resolve the differences between England and the colonies.
Pennsylvania delegate Joseph Galloway proposed a solution in the form of a plan of union, including the creation of an American Parliament to act with the British Parliament. Each body was to have a veto over the other in matters relating to the colonies. Debate was heated between the radicals and moderates(conservatives). Galloway's plan was defeated and there were enough votes to send a petition to the King.
Though far from united, they sent to Britain The Declaration and Resolves (October 14, 1774), a petition demanding the Intolerable Acts be repealed.
They also agreed to a boycott of British goods and trade with Britain. They adopted the Continental Association, which established a total boycott by means of non-importation, non-exportation and non-consumption accords. These agreements were to be enforced by a group of committees in each community, which would publish the names of merchants defying the boycott, confiscate contraband and encourage public frugality.
2006-10-19 19:19:40
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answer #2
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answered by Prabhakar G 6
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