The Santal?

Question

I'm looking for some informations about Santal Peoples......

Answer 1

The Santals are the largest tribal community in India, found mainly in the states of West Bengal, Bihar Jharkhand and Orissa. There is also a significant Santal minority in neighboring Bangladesh.

[edit] Santali Language

The Santali language is part of the Austro-Asiatic family, distantly related to Vietnamese and Khmer.

See Ol Chiki script

The Santali script, or Ol Chiki, is alphabetic, and does not share any of the syllabic properties of the other Indic scripts such as Devanagari. It uses 30 letters and five basic diacritics. It has 6 basic vowels and three additional vowels, generated using the Gahla Tudag [1].

The Santal script is a relatively recent innovation. Santali did not have a written language until the twentieth century. A distinct script was required to accommodate the Santali language, combining features of both the Indic and Roman scripts. The modern Ol Chiki script was devised by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in 1925. He wrote over 150 books covering a wide spectrum of subjects such as grammar, novels, drama, poetry, and short stories in Santali using Ol Chiki as part of his extensive programme for uplifting the Santal community. Darege Dhan, Sidhu-Kanhu, Bidu Chandan and Kherwal Bir are among the most acclaimed of his works. Pandit Raghunath Murmu is popularly known as Guru Gomke among the Santals, a title conferred on him by the Mayurbhanj Adibasi Mahasabh.

[edit] Santali Culture

The Santali culture has attracted many scholars and anthropologists for decades. The first attempt to study the Santali culture was done by the Christian missionaries the most famous of them was the Norwegian-born Reverend Paul Olaf Bodding. Unlike many other tribal groups of the Indian Subcontinent, the Santals are known for preserving their native language despite waves of migrations and invasions from Dravidians, Indo-Aryans, Mughals, Europeans, and others.

Santali culture is depicted in the paintings and artworks in the walls of their houses. Local mythology includes the stories of the Santal ancestors Pilchu ***** and Pilchu Bhudi.

The Santal community is devoid of any caste system and there is no distinction made on the basis of birth. They believe in supernatural beings and ancestral spirits. Santali rituals are mainly comprised of sacrificial offerings and invocations to the spirits, or bongas. The Santal system of governance, known as Manjhi–Paragana, may be compared to what is often called Local Self Governance. This body is responsible for making decisions to ameliorate the village's socioeconomic condition.

[edit] The Santal Rebellion

On 30 June 1855, two Santal rebel leaders, Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, mobilized ten thousand Santals and declared a rebellion against British colonists. Although the revolution was brutally suppressed, it marked a great change in the colonial rule and policy. The day is still celebrated among the Santal community with great respect and spirit for the thousands of the Santal martyrs who sacrificed their lives along with their two celebrated leaders to win freedom from the rule of the Jamindars and the British operatives.

Answer 2

The Santals are the largest tribal community in India, found mainly in the states of West Bengal, Bihar Jharkhand and Orissa. There is also a significant Santal minority in neighboring Bangladesh.

Santali Language-

The Santali language is part of the Austro-Asiatic family, distantly related to Vietnamese and Khmer.

The Santali script, or Ol Chiki, is alphabetic, and does not share any of the syllabic properties of the other Indic scripts such as Devanagari. It uses 30 letters and five basic diacritics. It has 6 basic vowels and three additional vowels, generated using the Gahla Tudag.

The Santal script is a relatively recent innovation. Santali did not have a written language until the twentieth century. A distinct script was required to accommodate the Santali language, combining features of both the Indic and Roman scripts. The modern Ol Chiki script was devised by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in 1925. He wrote over 150 books covering a wide spectrum of subjects such as grammar, novels, drama, poetry, and short stories in Santali using Ol Chiki as part of his extensive programme for uplifting the Santal community. Darege Dhan, Sidhu-Kanhu, Bidu Chandan and Kherwal Bir are among the most acclaimed of his works. Pandit Raghunath Murmu is popularly known as Guru Gomke among the Santals, a title conferred on him by the Mayurbhanj Adibasi Mahasabh.

Santali Culture-

The Santali culture has attracted many scholars and anthropologists for decades. The first attempt to study the Santali culture was done by the Christian missionaries the most famous of them was the Norwegian-born Reverend Paul Olaf Bodding. Unlike many other tribal groups of the Indian Subcontinent, the Santals are known for preserving their native language despite waves of migrations and invasions from Dravidians, Indo-Aryans, Mughals, Europeans, and others.

Santali culture is depicted in the paintings and artworks in the walls of their houses. Local mythology includes the stories of the Santal ancestors Pilchu ***** and Pilchu Bhudi.

The Santal community is devoid of any caste system and there is no distinction made on the basis of birth. They believe in supernatural beings and ancestral spirits. Santali rituals are mainly comprised of sacrificial offerings and invocations to the spirits, or bongas. The Santal system of governance, known as Manjhi–Paragana, may be compared to what is often called Local Self Governance. This body is responsible for making decisions to ameliorate the village's socioeconomic condition.

The Santal Rebellion-

On 30 June 1855, two Santal rebel leaders, Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, mobilized ten thousand Santals and declared a rebellion against British colonists. Although the revolution was brutally suppressed, it marked a great change in the colonial rule and policy. The day is still celebrated among the Santal community with great respect and spirit for the thousands of the Santal martyrs who sacrificed their lives along with their two celebrated leaders to win freedom from the rule of the Jamindars and the British operatives..

Answer 3

The Santals (a.k.a. Santhals) are a dominant native community of Northeastern India. They are found mainly in West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa states of India and in Bangladesh. Known for their ability to bear hardships, they are regarded as proud and brave soldiers. In fact one of the early rebellions against the British was led by a Santali leader, Baba Tilka Majhi.

Answer 4

Santhal :-

The Santhals are the largest tribe not only in Bihar but also in India. The Southern part of the state is called as ‘Santhal Praganas’ because of their density. They had multiplied from proto – Australoid origin. It is also believed that they had come from the Districts of ‘Santha’ and for it are called as ‘Santan’ or men of Santha state. Physically short with beard, long but flat nose, these black complexioned tribals are strong and hard working. In the hills, the Santhals settle in villages comprising of closely clustered houses. Their prime food is Rice, Dal and Meat. Every village has a Headman who is responsible for conducting the affairs of the village. They worship nature in any form as their God and also propitiate their anscestors for their well being. They are very superstitious in character. They make their livelihood on agriculture, Cultivation of fruits and vegetables and at times on hunting. They speak in ‘Munda’ language. Their marriages are exogamous and these marriages known as ‘Bapla’ are of seven types namely Sanga, Kadam, Kirin, Upagir, Tanki Dipil, Itut, Nirbelok etc. At the end of every marriage, the bride money is collected.

By nature, the Santhals love Dance, Music and wine. There cannot be a festival without these. Their fairs and festivals are colourful as evident from the festivals of Baham, Saharai and Sakrat.

http://www.theindianculture.com/states/Bihar/tribal.htm

Answer 5

I'm grateful to Yahoo for the information of the Santal ethnic community of India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Of course we the Santals are the victim of hunger, poverty, oppression as minority, family eviction from our land, land grabbing and series killing from 1947 to today on 4rth of March 2017 in Bangladesh. In 1949-50 our revolted against oppression historically known as "Nachol Santal Rebelion" and it was mainly against the brutality of the land grabbers at Nachole in Chapainawabganj district. Of course before that "Paru Murmu" popularly called "Paru Raja" at Boril in Dinajpur district refused paying land taxes to the "Jamodars" assinged bt the British Indian government and he was defeated in the battle and on the other hand "Som Mardi" at Chirirbandar of Dinajpur district also revolted by killing a British man with his bow and arrow piercing him down to the ground who was on an elephant.

Answer 6

A tribe in central India.

Answer 7

http://www.oralbible.com/Booklet_chap_5_page_1.php