What would the constellations look like from Mars?

Answer 1

They would look almost identical to how they look on Earth. Bear in mind that the Earth itself moves up to 2 AU over the course of a year when it is on opposite sides of the Sun, while Mars' closest approach to Earth is less than 0.5 AU. So relative to the distant stars that make up the constellations, Earth and Mars are essentially in the same place.

The night sky would be different from Earth's, though. Notably, the Earth itself would be visible in the sky, and would be brighter than Mars appears to us, because the Earth is larger and more reflective than Mars. Earth's Moon would also be visible near the planet. Jupiter would be brighter than it is here (when at maximum brightness), because Mars approaches closer to Jupiter than Earth does.

Answer 2

They would look the same as from earth. The stars are far enough away that the small difference between where the earth is and where Mars is will make no difference to the way they look. In fact, the shift would be about the same as the paralax observed from different sides of the earth's orbit. That shift takes very precise measurements to make and is completely below what the eye can detect.

Answer 3

They would be effectively just the same as from Earth, because the stars are much much much much further away than the size of the Solar System.

How much do the positions of the stars change from one time of year to another? The answer is the same: very little. The closest star to Earth, Proxima Centauri, would change in position by about 1/5000 of 1 degree when viewed from one side of the Earth's orbit compared to the opposite side.

Answer 4

They would look sharper because Mars has less atmosphere to blur up the sight.