Sigh... Your typing is atrocious. But I have pity on the worker. I really don't care too much whether or not you've put in effort, but I think if you'd actually looked, all these answers are very easy to find.
With that said, here's your answers:
1. The Guillotine and the Reign of Terror are emblematic of each other in their roles during the French Revolution. The constitutional monarchy had been pulled asunder in an attempt to create a system of government free of a monarchy all together. But the government created of anarchy required anarchy to keep itself in tact as it turned in on itself due to losses in their war efforts against Austria. When they assumed that it must be traitors, those who were "enemies of liberty" were rounded up and executed in gruesome public displays with the guillotine, which provided a swift but visually powerful method of death. The "Committee of Public Safety" was used to enforce the revolution that was unravelling, and done with radical violence. Thus, the Reign of Terror, as most prominently run by Robespierre, stood as a symbol of the anarchy that could come of democracy.
2. Napoleon Bonaparte's governments, while usually satellite nations with puppet rulers placed there by the emperor himself, actually provided a focus for liberalism. Under the Napoleonic code, class distinction was abolished. His bureaucracies were efficient and mobile, providing effective methods of advancement in a society that normally only allowed such through hereditary methods. While Napoleon himself was an emperor, his view of those beneath him without the distinction of class allowed for people to advance regardless of their birth status.
3. Napoleon Bonaparte was a Corsican soldier who proceeded to show a sense of military genius in prominence first when he marched successfully through Italy. It was meant as a diversionary tactic, but he negotiated peace with Austria without permission after the crushing defeat. He was the most important of the three in the directory government, and named himself "First Consul" to imply that this was the will of the people. His invasion of Egypt was meant to cut off British supply from India, but the weaker navy of France left his troops stranded. He quickly made peace with his enemies abroad and then suppressed his internal opponents, the royalists namely, to consolidate his rule. This was a short-lived truce, as other nations were uneasy with the idea of a republic. A bomb attempt on his life became an excuse to become emperor. His wars for continental expansion led him to conquer most of Europe in the span of 10 years. However, guerilla tactics in Spain, aided by the British Wellington, bogged him down and allowed Austria to attack. Even though they were defeated, Napoleon's army was stranded in the Russian winter. His key strategy was the use of mobility and living off the land, and the Russians used the Scorched Earth policy to burn their own holdings. Only 1/6 of the army made it back alive, with 500,000 dead. Napoleon went back in December to suppress his opponents and raised a new army, but his forces were crushed in Leipzig at The Battle of the Nations. Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain were the "big four", and exiled Napoleon to Elba. France was set back to 1792 borders, and the Bourbon monarchy was restored. But Napoleon escaped exile and marched to Paris, welcomed by the French. He was defeated again however by the quadruple alliance at Waterloo, primarily by Wellington's efforts. He was exiled again, and died on Saint Helena about six years later.
While he was ultimately unsuccessful in holding his power, Napoleon's influence forever changed Europe. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved by the Confederation of the Rhino, setting Germany on the path to actually becoming a nation over loose principalities. His influence on governments and lack of class distinction shaped the paths of future policy for the nations he conquered. Italy too was further united through his nationalistic principles, and set on a similar path to Germany. His key was a modern, mobile army, efficient government, and charismatic leadership that provided the French with the clear path they needed to stabilize following the horrors that had resulted from their revolution.
4. The often fabricated accusations of treason were a motivating factor for many of the executions during the Reign of Terror.
I left out stuff... It's not easy to summarize. It'll get the job done though, I think.
2006-10-18 18:53:18
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answer #1
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answered by Meredia 4
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You'll have to expand on these, but here's what I have:
1. After 1793 (King Louis XVI's death) Reign Of Terror began. Many of the aristocracy were beheaded (guillotine). Robespierre was mastermind of Reign Of Terror. Old maxim "end justifies the means" describes Robespierre's policy well.
2. Sorry, can't help...
3. Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français) under the name Napoleon I (Napoléon 1er) from 18 May 1804 to 6 April 1814, and was briefly restored as Emperor from 20 March to 22 June 1815.
4. The Reign of Terror was designed to deal with those individuals that committed treason.
Hope this helps!
2006-10-18 18:42:41
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answer #2
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answered by ? 2
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1.Define Democracy first. Then understand the mindset of Public Capital punishment and the justice mindset of the French people. Do you think maybe a movement to less brutal justice system may have formed in the then society of less compassionate people to a more humane Democracy of justice?
2. What did Napolean contribute? The Napoleonic legal code well accepted in European countries with a civil legal system. Early origins of a working system. Was a government protected by foreigners ever be accepted by a free people? Look at his Military history.
3.Look at the man. Very effective leader.See link
4.Treason See next link Some effective leaders become borderline terrorists using fear for an effective mental tactic in the battle ground advantage. Napolean was one.
Search the Internet more effectively the answers you seek are there.
2006-10-18 18:51:20
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answer #3
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answered by mikey 4
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During the French Revolution, the guillotine was used to behead those, mostly royalty and those of means, accused of nearly any crime, including murder, sedition, and treason. When royalty was either killed off or had fled, the governing class was destroyed. This left an opening for a dictator like Napoleon. Napoleon was a conqueror who took over much of Europe. He was defeated by the British and exiled. Napoleon escaped exile and raised an army and marched through Europe and was defeated my the British again. With no dictator to rule intellect soon took over. Great minds developed the idea of a government ruled by those chosen by the ruled. You can find most of those names be looking into Thomas Jefferson's writings and back ground into the Declaration of Independence.
You will have to look into who it was who decided who died during the reign of terror. Who was the judges. Remember "mob rule" during this time in history.
2006-10-18 18:43:18
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answer #4
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answered by Thomas S 3
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1) They in a very bloody way, destroyed the French monarchy. The principals of democracy filled the void. More of a over view of what the revolution accomplished is your answer.
2)Napoleon's, humble beginings to a position of power showed how merit rather bloodties can led to success. This You could say is a example of the revolutions principles of liberty, Equality, & fraternity.
3) you can sum that one up
4) Most of the people executed in the reign were charged with treason.
Good luck. Don't wait till the last minute.......
2006-10-18 19:18:10
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answer #5
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answered by lana_sands 7
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Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français) under the name Napoleon I (Napoléon 1er) from 18 May 1804 to 6 April 1814, and was briefly restored as Emperor from 20 March to 22 June 1815.
Over the course of little more than a decade, the armies of France under his command fought almost every European power, often simultaneously, and acquired control of most of continental Europe by conquest or alliance. The disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point. Following the Russian campaign and the defeat at Leipzig in October 1813, Napoleon abdicated in April 1814 after the Allies invaded France. He was exiled to the island of Elba. He staged a comeback known as the Hundred Days (les Cent Jours), but was defeated at Waterloo on 18 June 1815. He spent the remaining six years of his life on the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean under British supervision.
Although Napoleon himself developed few military innovations, apart from the divisional squares employed in Egypt and the placement of artillery into batteries, he used the best tactics from a variety of sources, and the modernized French army reformed by several revolutionary governments, to score several major victories. His campaigns are studied at military academies all over the world and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest commanders ever to have lived. Aside from his military achievements, Napoleon is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic Code.
He also appointed several members of the Bonaparte family and close friends as monarchs of countries he conquered and as important government figures (his brother Lucien became France's Minister of Finance). Although their reigns did not survive his downfall, a nephew, Napoleon III, ruled France later in the nineteenth century.
2006-10-18 18:35:43
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answer #6
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answered by Anonymous
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It's odd to me that you would be stuck on question #1. As this was a revolution! There was no democracy before this uprising and the King and Queen were killed on the Guillotine therefore heirs to the throne were no longer in power, thus, democracy!
2006-10-18 18:40:40
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answer #7
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answered by feliciadawn7 2
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If you're just "stuck at some parts", why don't you just post what you're stuck on? The questions you ask sound like you're asking for all your work to be done, not just the parts you're stuck on.
2006-10-18 18:35:19
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answer #8
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answered by J C 3
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use Wikipedia to help
2006-10-18 18:22:47
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answer #9
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answered by doomlord 2
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use your history book
2006-10-18 18:26:25
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answer #10
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answered by 120 IQ 4
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