FICO
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In the United States, a credit score is a number calculated to represent the likelihood that a person will pay their bills. It is calculated in an attempt to determine an individual's financial credit worthiness by using a statistical model. A credit score is based on credit report information, typically from one of the three major credit reporting agencies.
Lenders, such as banks and credit card companies, use credit scores to evaluate the potential risk posed by lending money to consumers and to mitigate loss to bad debt. Lenders use credit evaluations to determine who qualifies for a loan, assign an interest rate, assign credit limits and manage accounts that are already open (for example, treatment of accounts that are in default). The use of credit or identity scoring prior to authorizing access or granting credit is an implementation of a trusted system. While the most widely-known score in the United States is FICO (which is most widely used in the mortgage industry), there are many others, such as NextGen and Vantage Score.
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Credit scores are designed to measure the risk of default by taking into account various factors in a person's financial history. Although the exact formulae for calculating credit scores are closely guarded secrets, Fair Isaac has disclosed the following components and the approximate weighted contribution of each:
* 35% punctuality of payment in the past (only includes payments later than 30 days past due)
* 30% capacity used: the ratio of current revolving debt (credit card balances, etc.) to total available revolving credit (credit limits)
* 15% length of credit history
* 10% types of credit used (installment, revolving, consumer finance)
* 10% recent search for credit and/or amount of credit obtained recently
The above percentages provide very limited guidance in understanding a credit score. For example, the 10% of the score allocated to "types of credit used" is undefined, leaving consumers unaware what type of credit mix to pursue. "Length of credit history" is also a murky concept; it consists of multiple factors - two being the oldest account open and the average length of time an account has been open. Although only 35% is attributed to punctuality, if a consumer is substantially late on numerous accounts, his score will fall far more than 35%. Bankruptcies, foreclosures, and judgments affect scores substantially, but are not included in the simplistic pie chart provided by Fair Isaac.
Further, Fair Isaac does not use the same "scorecard" for everyone. The scorecards are segmented so that there are over 100 different actual scoring models that are applied to different individuals based on different ranges of input values (some scorecard segmentations include: age, depth of credit history, etc.) The implications of this segmentation are that while the approximate weighted contribution above may be an average across all scorecards, individuals will receive different scores or weightings based on the scorecard segmentation that they fall into. Some consumers have noticed their scores decreasing by small amounts for no apparent reason.
Current income and employment history do not influence the FICO score, but they are weighed when applying for credit. For instance, an unemployed individual with no other sources of income will not usually be approved for a home mortgage, regardless of his or her FICO score.
There are other special factors which can weigh on the FICO score.
* Any monies owed because of a court judgment, tax lien, or similar carry an additional negative penalty, especially when recent.
* Having above a certain number of consumer finance company credit accounts also carries a negative weight (critics say that this causes a vicious cycle, locking people into continuing to use consumer finance companies).
* The number of recent credit checks also can weigh down the score, although the credit agencies claim to allow for credit checks made within a certain window of time to not aggregate, so as to allow the consumer to shop around for rates.
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2006-10-16 08:10:29
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answer #1
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answered by low_on_ram 6
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Actually it's FICO. There are 3 major credit reporting agencies. They all have scores for your credit record. If you combine the 3 scores together and get an average, that's your FICO score.
2006-10-16 08:10:48
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answer #2
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answered by rebecca_sld 4
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A random-number generator with a variable distribution law. ( At least that's what I'm told)
2006-10-16 08:16:48
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answer #3
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answered by Raine 1
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