Doubts in radioactive decay? Please Help, Need to find solution?

Question

1. During radioactive beta decay, if electrons are emitted, how can atomic no. increase and since radioactive decay is the dissociation of nucleus, how can electrons be emmitted which are not found in nucleus?
2.In gamma decay - photon are emmitted and if so what kind of electromagnetic waves are associated with it?
3. In rdioactivity,decays occur due to less stability of the atoms elements having higher atomic mass and again in beta decay if the atomic mass increases how can stability increase any way?
Be 100% sure for a satisfying answer. All the best and I honestly don't know the answers and since radioactivity is a cool topic i would like to learn more about it and hence these questions

Answer 1

1. First of all, neutrons (and protons) are made up of smaller particles called "quarks". Quarks come in "flavors" (not real flavors, just a name given by physicists). Neutrons are made up of two "down" quarks and one "up" quark; protons are made up of two "up" quarks and one "down" quark ("up" and "down" are two of the flavors of quarks). Quarks also have an electrical charge, with up quarks having a +2/3 electrical charge and a -1/3 electrical charge.
So: proton = 2/3 + 2/3 -1/3 = +1 charge and neutron = -1/3 - 1/3 + 2/3 = 0 electrical charge (or neutral).
A nuclear force known as the weak force (or weak interaction) allows for quarks to change flavor charges. In the case you describe above, a quark in a neutron changes from down to up, which also means the new particle has a +1 charge and is now a proton. This electron is emitted from the neutron when it changes, and energy is also produce in the form of a photon. You didn't ask, but a proton can turn into a neutron by the same effect, only a positron (the anti-particle of an electron) is emitted.
2. The specific type of photon that is emitted is a gammy ray, which is a type of electro-magnetic radiation similar to ordinary light with a higher frequency (it is also dangerous to life).
3. Stability is not necessarily related to mass (it has to do with how well another force, the strong force, can keep the nucleus together). For example, all isotopes of an element called technetium (atomic number 43) are radioactive, yet many elements above it are not radioactive (examples: gold, mercury, tin, etc.). Currently, everything above lead has all isotopes radioactive (one isotope of bismuth has a half-life longer than the age of the universe and is treated as stable, though it really isn't), but many scientists believe that somewhere in even larger elements, there is a stable section again.

Answer 2

1)Sometimes an electron leave a neutron in the nucleus to increase the number of protons (the atomic number) in the nucleus.

2) the type of gamma ray(photon) depends on the type of atom

3) How can stability increase?, I guess it just does, if not, it keeps breaking down, until it does. Its on top of an energy hill, how God set it up I don't know.

Answer 3

1) Neutron = proton + electron + energy

2) Photons make up the very electromagnetic wave also called Gamma rays

3) Atomic mass does not increase in beta decay, atomic number does.